Abstract To promote research excellence, China’s government has been offering substantial financial support for a small group of selected universities through three national programs (Project 211, Project 985, Double First Class). However, admission to these may not be completely merit based. Based on statistical analysis Chinese universities’ scientific activities, this paper shows that instit...

To understand the persistence of social inequalities, research in psychology has traditionally focused on individual determinants of the unequal treatment of social groups. For example, a great deal of work has situated the origin of inequalities in the discrimination produced by individuals who are biased by their negative beliefs and attitudes. And yet, several authors proposed that individua...

Abstract Despite the academy’s commitment to idea of meritocratic and fair principles in recruitments, promotions, student admissions progress, gender segregation inequalities continue trouble universities worldwide. Through case-studies two education programs at a Swedish university, we investigate how processes formal merit, both (required for admission such as high grades) what identify info...