introduction: zinc is an essential rare element that plays an important role in synaptic plasticity and modulation of the activity of central nervous system and is involved in learning and memory. increasing zinc intake may protect against conditions associated with zinc deficiency, such as diabetes. some studies have revealed that zinc deficiency in diabetic subjects is due to hogher excretion...

introduction: patients with epilepsy can have impaired cognitive abilities. many factors contribute to this impairment, including the adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs like gabapentin (gbp). apart from anti-epilectic action, gabapentin is used to relieve ethanol withdrawal syndrome. because both gbp and ethanol act on gaba ergic system, the purpose of this study was to evaluate their effec...

There is considerable evidence to support the hypothesis of relationship between paradoxical sleep (PS) and learning–memory processing. It has been suggested that PS is important in memory retention at the specific time course called PS windows (PSW). The time of PSWs occurrence and duration of these PSWs following the training sessions and, the neurochemical nature of PSWs has not been well kn...

In regard to the role of Aluminium in the emergence of psychological disorded in patients with chronic kidney diseases,this research project studied the acute,and chronic effects of Alluminium on different stages of memory and learning abilitis,after grouping the rats Alluminium chloride with concentrations of 1mg,5mg,10mg and 20 mg was used per kg of body weight.the Alluminium was given by int...

There is considerable evidence to support the hypothesis of relationship between paradoxical sleep (PS) and learning–memory processing. It has been suggested that PS is important in memory retention at the specific time course called PS windows (PSW). The time of PSWs occurrence and duration of these PSWs following the training sessions and, the neurochemical nature of PSWs has not been well kn...

Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in rats is followed by long-term and progressive deficits in learning, memory, and cognitive performance which is somewhat similar to sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (SAD). Epidemiological studies suggest that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) could delay or slow the clinical expression of SAD. Therefore, the benefi...

Introduction: It has been reported that oral morphine dependency facilitated formation of spatial learning and memory. In the present study the role of NMDA receptors located in hippocampal CA1 area of morphine dependent rats was studied. Methods: Male rats were divided into 4 groups. Two cannulae were stereotaxically implanted bilaterally into the hippocampal CA1 area. After 5 days recover...

Background: Glutamate is essential to learning and memory as an excitatory neurotransmitter. This study evaluated the atrazine effect on the hippocampus and examined the mitigative role of avocado oil against the neuronal degeneration and behavioral deficits in Wistar rats. Methods: Fifty adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of ten. Group 1 (controls) received 0.5 ml distilled ...

objective: elevated amino acid homocysteine (hcy) levels and insufficient physical activity are the risk factors in alzheimer disease (ad) development. the effect of intermittent aerobic training on memory retention test and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (tbars) and superoxide dismutase (sod) levels in the dorsal hippocampus of rats which were stimulated with hcy is investigated. meth...