in this study, nf membrane was used for surface water treatment. the rejection of organic material, measured as total organic carbon (toc), by nanofiltration was examined. the effects of application of pre-ozonation and pre-chlorination on toc removal are discussed and their performances are compared with the performances of nanofiltraion system without pretreatment process. in nf, natural orga...

Abstract In view of the serious environmental pollution, which is greatest problem world facing, and continuous consumption raw materials, it imminent to search for green sustainable resources. Lignin an organic polymer that exists widely in nature, if can be transformed from traditional low-value waste product with low range applications functional materials high application prospects, great s...