Thyroid cancer harbours in about 5% of thyroid nodules. The majority of them are well-differentiated cancers originating from the follicular epithelium, and are subdivided into papillary and follicular carcinomas. Undifferentiated carcinomas and medullary thyroid carcinomas arising from C cells are less common.Although most thyroid nodules are benign, distinguishing thyroid cancer from benign l...

The incidence of thyroid cancer in young adults is rising. Differentiated carcinoma (ie, papillary, follicular, and their variants) and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) represent the two most common subtypes, with differing etiologies, prognoses, and management strategies. Ultrasound (US)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) is the best initial test for evaluating a nodule or mass suspicious fo...

Medullary thyroid carcinoma occurs most often as a sporadic malignancy, although in approximately 30% of cases, it occurs as part of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) syndromes MEN2A and MEN2B or the related disease, familial medullary thyroid carcinoma. These three syndromes, inherited as autosomal dominant traits, are clinically characterized by near complete penetrance but varia...