The dynamics of MHC II expression in various thymic stromal compartments was investigated. By including MHC II in flow cytometry in addition to the cortical CDR1, medullary UEA-1 and pan-epithelial G8.8 markers, thymic stromal compartments were subdivided into at least six different populations. The total level of surface and cytoplasmic MHC II from fresh cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTECs...

Repeated attempts to show that costimulation for negative selection is controlled by a single cell surface molecule have been unsuccessful. Thus, negative selection may involve multiple cell surface molecules acting in consort. In support of this idea, we show here that at least three cell surface molecules, namely CD28, CD5, and CD43, contribute to Fas-independent negative selection of the tol...

Thymocytes expressing the invariant Vγ5 γδT-cell receptor represent progenitors of dendritic epidermal T-cells (DETC) that play an important immune surveillance role in the skin. In contrast to the bulk of αβT-cell development, Vγ5(+) DETC progenitor development occurs exclusively in fetal thymus. Whilst αβT-cell development is known to require chemokine receptor mediated migration through dist...

Eosinophils differentiate and mature in the thymus, outside of bone marrow, healthy individuals. Locally developed thymic eosinophils may contribute to maturation selection human thymocytes.

The generation of the T cell repertoire, the site and mechanism of T cell subset bifurcation, and the selective constraints exerted on the developing repertoire to ensure self-tolerance are still poorly understood. The assignment of these events to either the pre-, intra-, or postthymic stages of T cell maturation has been aided by the recent development of mAb to the antigen-specific T cell re...

introduction: medullary thyroid carcinoma (mtc) is a rare thyroid cancer secreting calcitonin (ct) which is the most sensitive and specific tumor marker for mtc. this type of thyroid cancer is able to metastasize to different body areas including regional lymph nodes, lungs, liver and bone. the aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of [99mtc-dmsa (v)] whole body scan (...

abstract renal medullary carcinoma (rmc) is an uncommon aggressive neoplasm of the kidney. rmc is biologically aggressive with a very poor prognosis, and metastasis is seen in up to 95% of the patients at diagnosis or shortly thereafter. the common sites of metastasis are respectively lymph nodes, lungs, livers, and adrenal glands in order of frequency. the presence of poorly differentiated eos...

Foxp3+ Treg cells, which are crucial for maintenance of self-tolerance, mainly develop within the thymus, where they arise from CD25+ Foxp3- or CD25- cell precursors. Although it is known that infections can cause transient thymic involution, impact infection-induced thymus atrophy on (tTreg) development unknown. Here, we infected mice with influenza A virus (IAV) and studied thymocyte populati...

background: recent results have provided increasing evidence to support involvement of membrane damage in the mechanism of ionizing radiation induced killing of mammalian cells. these findings have stimulated renewed interest in evaluating the damage to membrane as a primary initiator in radiation-induced cell killing especially in apoptotic death. the present study was aimed to gain deeper ins...