Correspondence to: Professor Helmut Baumgartner, MD, Department of Cardiology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, A – 1090 Wien, Austria; helmut.baumgartner@ meduniwien.ac.at _________________________ A ortic stenosis (AS) has become the most frequent valvar heart disease and the most frequent cardiovascular disease after hypertension and coronary art...

BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common condition with increasing prevalence worldwide. The disease encompasses a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms and disorders from simple heartburn without esophagitis to erosive esophagitis with severe complications, such as esophageal strictures and intestinal metaplasia. Diagnosis is based mainly on ambulatory esophageal pH testing and end...

Introduction Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common bone tumor in dogs and is characterized by a highly invasive and metastatic behavior. The tumor is less common in cats. This tumor frequently affects middle-aged, large breed dogs (less than 5% occur in breeds smaller than 12 kg) and arises in 75% of cases in the metaphyseal area of bones of the appendicular skeleton. The median age of dogs wit...

Carcinoid tumors are rare, arising in 1.2-2.1 per 100,000 people in the general population per year.1 In 20%-30% of patients, the initial presentation occurs as a result of peptide production, ie, carcinoid syndrome. The malignant carcinoid syndrome consists of flushing, gastrointestinal hypermotility (secretory diarrhea), bronchospasm, and carcinoid heart disease. The syndrome is caused by the...

This article is the review of the book "Medical & Surgical Management of Male Infertility" edited by Botros RMB Rizk, Nabil Aziz, Ashok Agarwal and Edmund Sabanegh Jr. This book (hardcover) was published by Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishing, New Delhi.London.Philadelphia.Panama on September 2013 (1st edition). The contents of the book and its relevance to medical education are discussed in thi...

Priapism is a pathological condition of penile erection that persists beyond, or is unrelated to, sexual stimulation. Pathologically and clinically, two subtypes are seen-the high flow (non-ischaemic) variety and the low flow (ischaemic) priapism. The low flow type is more dangerous, as these patients are susceptible to greater complications and the long term recovery of erectile function is de...

Most, if not all, dogs with elbow dysplasia would benefit from lifelong medical management of elbow osteoarthritis (OA). Because veterinary studies evaluating many of these treatments are limited, decisions regarding medical management of OA are often based on clinician preference. However, it is important to be aware of the quality of evidence that supports each of our recommendations and borr...

Chordomas are rare, benign tumors that account for 1-4% of bony lesions and most frequently occur in the skull base, mobile spine, and sacrum. Historically, they have been most effectively managed with en bloc surgical resection, as they are resistant to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Currently, the gold standard treatment for spinal chordomas is en bloc excision with negative marg...

Male infertility is the result of a variety of highly treatable conditions. The critical step in treating male infertility is to evaluate properly every male partner of an infertile couple and to generate the proper treatment strategy. There are many medical and surgical options that can help most couples overcome male factor infertility. Male infertility can most easily be broken down into pro...

Keloids are benign, but sometimes painful and/or pruritic, proliferative growths of dermal collagen, usually resulting from excessive tissue response to trauma. Although benign, the social and psychological impact on affected individuals must be considered. Keloids often arise secondary to ear piercing and operative procedures. No single treatment modality is always successful. The more common ...