BACKGROUND Although practice nurses play an important role in implementing smoking cessation strategies in primary care, relatively little is known of their attitudes and beliefs about giving smoking cessation advice. OBJECTIVES To describe practice nurses' attitudes towards giving smoking cessation advice. METHODS 152 of 200 (76%) practice nurses randomly selected from Medical Research Cou...

The earliest culinary recipes written in the English language, or England, are contained three main Old medical collections, now known as Bald’s Leechbook, Leechbook III and Lacnunga, dating from tenth, possibly late ninth, to eleventh centuries. These reveal contemporary ideas about suitability of various foods for people experiencing conditions, but not a generalised ‘healthy diet’, nor indee...

BACKGROUND In the United Kingdom (UK), 9% of adults consult their doctor annually with back pain. The treatment recommendations are based on orthopaedic teaching, but the current management is causing increasing dissatisfaction. Many general practitioners (GPs) are confused about what constitutes effective advice. AIM To review all randomized controlled trials of bed rest and of medical advic...

In loving memory of my father, Dr. Suresh Kumar Kwatra, who has been my greatest inspiration in life ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to my advisor, Aaron Bobick, and co-advisor, Irfan Essa, for their exceptional support and guidance. They gave me the freedom to explore research ideas at will, but were always there to educate and guide me. I would also like to thank the rest of my committee membe...