could benefit other MEAs. So far, there has only been limited collaboration among MEA scientific bodies. For example, CITES and the CMS have held joint workshops on taxonomy and nomenclature and have had more general cooperation on development of outcome-oriented indicators, particularly in the context of the 2010 biodiversity target (UNEP, 2009). According to UNEP (2009), in only two cases are...

Micro-electrode arrays (MEAs) and micro-electrodes are used in a variety of medical applications for recording action potentials or stimulating neurons. To have an excellent signal-to-noise ratio, the contact between the neuronal tissue and the micro-electrodes must be very close. Therefore, a flexible MEA with a large number of electrodes on a large area is necessary. In this work, a flexible ...

Multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) can be used for noninvasive, real-time, and long-term recording of electrophysiological activity and changes in the extracellular chemical microenvironment. Neural network organization, neuronal excitability, synaptic and phenotypic plasticity, and drug responses may be monitored by MEAs, but it is still difficult to measure presynaptic activity, such as neurotrans...

NEUVISION is a novel simulation environment tailored to simulate the dynamics of large-scale neuronal networks coupled to Micro-Electrode Arrays (MEAs). Such simulator has been developed by using programming languages supported by the .NET framework and allows the user to implement networks of neurons made up of thousands of synaptically connected elements. The main features of this simulator a...

An emerging generation of high-density microelectrode arrays (MEAs) is now capable of recording spiking activity simultaneously from thousands of neurons with closely spaced electrodes. Reliable spike detection and analysis in such recordings is challenging due to the large amount of raw data and the dense sampling of spikes with closely spaced electrodes. Here, we present a highly efficient, o...

These are expanded notes from four introductory lectures on Ergodic Theory, given at the Minerva summer school Flows on homogeneous spaces at the Technion, Haifa, Israel, in September 2012. 1. Dynamics on a compact metrizable space Given a compact metrizable space X, denote by C(X) the space of continuous functions f : X → C with the uniform norm ‖f‖u = max x∈X |f(x)|. This is a separable Banac...

The ability to monitor and to elicit neural activity with a high spatiotemporal resolution has grown essential for studying the functionality of neuronal networks. Although a variety of microelectrode arrays (MEAs) has been proposed, very few MEAs are integrated with signal-processing circuitry. As a result, the maximum number of electrodes is limited by routing complexity, and the signal-to-no...

Abstract Although most international agreements are concluded for indefinite periods, the issues they address and parties’ preferences constantly evolving. In some cases, parties seek to close any growing gaps between negotiators’ expectations changing context by updating their original agreement its new circumstances. States have several formal tools at disposal do so, such as protocols, amend...

The proton conductivity of a series of extruded Nafion membranes @of equivalent weight ~EW! of 1100 and nominal dry thickness of 51, 89, 127, and 178 mm# has been studied. Measurements were made in 1 M H2SO4 at 298 K using a four-electrode, dc technique. The membrane area resistance increases with thickness, as expected, from 0.07 to 0.16 V cm for Nafion 112 and Nafion 117, respectively. Howeve...

Our study focuses on characterization of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons cultured on silicon micro-pillar substrates (MPS) with the ultimate goal of designing micro-electrode arrays (MEAs) for successful electrophysiological recordings of DRG neurons. Adult and neonatal DRG neurons were cultured on MPS and glass coverslips for 7 days in vitro. DRG neuronal distribution and morphometric analy...