equity in settlement of foreign investment disputes regard of equity in judicial and non-judicial settlement of disputes is necessary. because of the international area of justice in the foreign investment disputes, the equity is more important in these cases. study of international review shows the following and predication of the equity in the adjudges. so that the equity is the basic princip...

The purpose of this study was to investigate community-oriented and political civic engagement activities and intentions among youth in Italy and the United States. Adolescents (N = 566) from academically rigorous schools in both countries completed surveys assessing frequency of civic activity participation, motivation for activity, evaluations of activity, and intentions for future civic enga...

This article concludes the special issue on “The International Adjudication of Mega-Politics”. It examines implications adjudicating mega-politics for politics, society, case at hand, and ICs involved. We draw findings contributions, identifying many strategies that use to rule without inciting a political backlash. The conclusion also develops further claim international adjudication mega-poli...

This paper comprises an essay review of Eckstein's classic work aQd a research report on investigations of payment disputes which the authc> rs conducted in England, Sweden, and the United States, 1965-68. The firs t section discusses difficulties in Eckstein's research, particularly methodological problems that arise from the failure to use comparative data to test his hypotheses about the inf...

Australia's major public dispute resolution agency has changed substantially since the 1990s from a stand-alone tribunal administering collectivist system of compulsory conciliation and arbitration to an integrated resolving both individual collective disputes as well performing broader regulatory role. It remains central Australian industrial relations, reflecting its adaptability peculiaritie...

the present article studies the quran's view on free will and freedom. some related issues discussed here are: (1) human freedom is the basis of the creation; (2) respecting human freedom is the basis of the prophet's invitation of the people to islam; (3) political freedom is the foundation of forming political societies, and so on. with reference to the quranic verses and moslem sch...

power, security, and liberty, considered as the objectives of political sovereignty by some scholars, are also incorporated in naraghi's conception of justice. in his view, political power is a mere instrument for the application of justice, and providing security is a major function of state and can be maintained only in the light of justice. the citizens and members of the islamic societ...

Research on work-family conflict has focused on individuals, and little is known as to how spouses perceive each other’s work-family conflict and how inaccuracies of such perceptions relate to relationship quality. Using a national sample of dual-earner married and cohabiting couples (N = 545), we found that over half of spouses overestimate or underestimate each other’s work-family conflict. H...