introduction selection of the clear and transparent index for the precipitation using long-term homogeneous data is an important point for the researchers. several investigations have led to different indices for heavy rainfall. in some cases the specific amount of precipitation was used for heavy rainfall (rahimzadeh, 2005; masoodian, 2008; kamiguchi et al., 2006), e.g. alijani (2002) has sugg...

In this paper we examined whether the recorded precipitation changes cause erosion in Naxos Island, Greece using precipitation indices derived from daily precipitation totals, during the period 1955–2007, in order to develop an erosion risk model. Although the mean annual precipitation appear to be low (∼360.0 mm), the erosion processes of the area are very intense, because of the intensive cha...

Temperature and precipitation extremes and their potential future changes are evaluated in an ensemble of global coupled climate models participating in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) diagnostic exercise for the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). Climate extremes are expressed in terms of 20-yr return values of annual extremes of near-surface temperature and 24-h precipitatio...

Soils with pedogenic carbonate cover about 30% (3.44 10 km) of China, mainly across its arid and semiarid regions in the Northwest. Based on the second national soil survey (1979–1992), total soil inorganic carbon (SIC) storage in China was estimated to be 53.3 6.3 PgC (1 Pg5 10 g) to the depth investigated to 2 m. Soil inorganic carbon storages were 4.6, 10.6, 11.1, and 20.8 Pg for the depth r...

Comparison of the historical and spatial precipitation and tree growth patterns confirm that one of the limiting conditions to growth on southern Vancouver Island is moisture, both as it relates to precipitation as well as the position of the tree within the slope catena. Comparison of tree growth patterns with AVIRIS reflectance indicates that there is correlation between the growth increment ...

Max-stable process (MSP) models can be fit to data collected over a spatial domain estimate areal-based exceedances while accounting for dependence in extremes. They have theoretical grounding within the framework of extreme value theory (EVT). In this work, we MSP three-day duration cool season precipitation maxima Willamette River Basin (WRB) Oregon and 48 h mid-latitude cyclone annual Upper ...

In this study, non-homogeneous Poisson processes (NHPP) are assumed to analyze annual average temperatures and rain precipitations, considering climate data for some regions of North America reported a long period. A power law process (PLP) is the intensity function (derivative mean value function) or rate \(\lambda\) (t), t \(\ge\) 0 NHPP which events occur (accumulated number years in given t...

We present the first synchronously coupled transient simulation of the evolution of the northern Africa climate-ecosystem for the last 6500 years in a global general circulation ocean–atmosphere–terrestrial ecosystem model. The model simulated the major abrupt vegetation collapse in the southern Sahara at about 5 ka, consistent with the proxy records. Local precipitation, however, shows a much ...

Across Africa, perennial drainage density as a function of mean annual rainfall defines three regimes separated by threshold values of precipitation. This nonlinear response of drainage to rainfall will most seriously affect regions in the intermediate, unstable regime. A 10% decrease in precipitation in regions on the upper regime boundary (1000 millimeters per year) would reduce drainage by 1...