*Correspondence: Lina María Arenas, Sensory Ecology Group, Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, TR10 9EZ, Penryn, UK e-mail: [email protected] Vivid warning signals (aposematism) have evolved repeatedly throughout the animal kingdom. However, relatively few studies consider what makes an effective signal, in terms ...

A study of the mealybug genus Planococcus Ferris, 1950 (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Pseudococcidae) known from China is presented and 12 species are recognised. Of these, camelliae Zhang, sp. nov. described as new to science based on morphology adult female, P. bambusifolii (Takahashi, 1951) recorded for first time. Molecular analyses mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) a key in...

Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is a worldwide pathogen of Vitis negatively affecting wine production. In red berry cultivars grown in New Zealand, the foliar changes to GLRaV-3-infected vines inform decisions on vine removal (roguing). However, roguing does not always contain GLRaV-3 spread presence an insect vector like mealybug, Pseudococcus calceolariae. Virus incidence and ...

larvae of dicrodiplosis manihoti harris (dip., cecidomyiidae) are the predator of mealybug ovisacs (hem.: pseudococcidae) in fars province, iran. parasitized larvae of this predator were collected from nipaecoccus viridis (newstead) on citrus sinensis (l.) and reared in the laboratory. parasitoid wasps belonging to the family torymidae were consequently collected, and identified as pseudotorymu...

the stage specific functional response of the acarophagous ladybird beetle stethorus gilvifrons mulsant to varying densities of citrus brown mite eutetranychus orientalis (klein) eggs was examined in a simplified castor bean leaf arena under laboratory conditions. all stages of s. gilvifrons were individually isolated for 24 hours with different prey densities at 30âºc and a photoperiod of 14: ...

the first damage of sugar beet ladybird was (bulaea lichatschovi hum.) reported in 1972 from south of russia. in iran, the first report of high damage of this insect on the leaves was reported from sugar beet fields of karaj in 1962. adult ladybird is reddish bown with 3.5-4.5 mm length. thorax has 6 black points. on elytres there are 20 blackish brown spots. the ventral body is black. the ante...

Abstract Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773), also known as the harlequin ladybird, is an invasive non-native species intentionally introduced to many countries a biological control agent of agricultural pests. In Greece, H. was first in 1994, with releases taking place between 1994 and 2000. For years there no evidence indicate that had established self-sustaining populations. 2008, citizen scien...