We conducted a case-control study to investigate risk factors for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) in the People's Republic of China. Genotyping analysis was used to estimate the percentage of cases from recent transmission among 100 MDR TB case-patients hospitalized during April 2007-July 2009. Molecular subtyping of isolates showed that 41% of MDR TB strains clustered. Beijing genoty...

Methods A surveillance module for multidrug resistant bacteria (MDR-KISS) was added to ICU-KISS in 2006. Participating ICUs report data on patients with MRSA, VRE and ESBL bacteria. In contrast to ICU-KISS on nosocomial infections, MDR-KISS documents cases of MDR bacteria including colonization and infection present on admission. MDR-KISS collects the following data: date of ICU-admission and I...

INTRODUCTION In high multidrug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) prevalence areas, drug susceptibility testing (DST) at diagnosis is recommended for patients with risk factors for MDR. However, this approach might miss a substantial proportion of MDR-TB in the general population. We studied primary MDR in patients considered to be at low risk of MDR-TB in Lima, Peru. METHODS We enrolled new s...

BACKGROUND Few studies have investigated the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM), a globally increasing metabolic disease, on treatment outcomes and long-term survival in patients with multidrug-resistant forms of tuberculosis (MDR-TB). OBJECTIVES We analyzed outcomes in a large cohort to assess the impact of DM on treatment outcomes of patients with MDR-TB. METHODS MDR-TB patients newly diagn...

Epistasis, the interaction among genes, is ubiquitous among common, complex, and multifactorial diseases. Therefore it has become necessary to develop methods to detect epistasis, the motivation for one such method, multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR). We introduce the algorithm of MDR, its strengths and weaknesses, and finally illustrate the results of applying MDR to alcoholism. We com...

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a growing problem worldwide. Hypothyroidism is a known complication of treatment with para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS), ethionamide (ETH) or prothionamide (PTH), all of which are typically included in treatment of MDR-TB. 1–4 Although hypothyroidism is known to be associated with MDR-TB treatment, the magnitude of the problem remains unclear. A recent ...

Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium (MT). MT usually attacks the lungs and causes pulmonary-tuberculosis. cases in Indonesia keep increasing over years. The presence of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR-TB) has been one main obstacles eradicating tuberculosis because it couldn’t be cured using standard drugs. In fact, success rate MDR-TB treatment 2019 at global level was only 57 percent. Research o...

BACKGROUND Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) are global health problems. We sought to determine the characteristics, prevalence, and relative frequency of transmission of MDR and XDR TB in Shanghai, one of the largest cities in Asia. METHODS TB is diagnosed in district TB hospitals in Shanghai, China. Drug susceptibility testing for first-line dr...

Multidrug resistance (MDR), which is mediated by multiple drug efflux ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, is a critical issue in the treatment of acute leukemia, with permeability glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 1, and breast cancer resistance protein (i.e., ABCG2) consistently being shown to be key effectors of MDR in cell line studies. Studies have demonstrat...

The treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant or pandrug-resistant non-fermenting Gram-negative bacterial infections constitutes a challenge in an era of few new antibiotic choices. This mandates the re-evaluation of already existing antibiotics such as fosfomycin. We systematically reviewed the literature to assess the clinical and microbiological effectiveness of fosf...