Abstract Does the economic success of democratization depend on newly elected leaders’ characteristics? We exploit unique Indonesian process, where districts exogenously democratized in different years. In a census manufacturing plants, employment drops by 5% that elect non-college educated mayor, while stays constant under college graduates. Non-college mayors substantially raise taxation but ...

one of the main reasons of unsustainability of city development in iran is that planners and mayors have not almost been able to create connections between different dimensions of a city. sustainability indicators are evaluation tools of cities operation applicable in living environmental, economical, and social aspects. the purpose of this paper is to offer a framework including the descriptio...

The purpose of this service is to provide community understanding and assistance regarding the importance registration home industry food (PIRT). Based on Regulation Food Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) Number 22 Year 2018 concerning Guidelines for Provision Household Industry Certificates, it explained that notion PIRT a Certificate Permit (PIRT) given by Regent or Mayor through Health Office. ...

This article describes and characterizes the current state of citizen participation at municipal level in Chile, taking as reference law 20.500. The objective is to identify main factors that are influencing dynamic disparate implementation law, based on a study conducted fifty-two municipalities. It argued there municipalities meet minimum standards, but great majority it has not been gravitat...

This paper studies public sector pension obligations, the biggest fiscal challenge currently facing many US cities. Employing a regression discontinuity design around close elections, benefit payments out of city’s pensions are shown to grow faster under Democratic party mayors, while contributions into do not. Previous research showed that parties not matter for wide range cities’ expenditures...

The paper concerns the subject of early mayoral elections at town level in Ruda Śląska, held September 2022. As a background for presentation central case, article refers to other earlier same term (after 2018). main aim analysis is verify research hypothesis that mayors, Poland after 2018, confirm application principle direct favors candidates independent state-wide parties. source material co...