A simple one-dimensional model has the world [Jerlov, 1976; Kirk, 1983]. It seems been developed for calculating the development of thermal structure in water bodies under specified meteorological conditions, as a function of their inherent optical properties (spectral absorption coefficients, scattering coefficient). Penetration of radiant solar energy is modeled with a previously derived equa...

The Eastern North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (ESTMW) is a water mass of low potential vorticity (PV) and appears as a weak pycnostad or thermostad. Distinct from other subtropical mode waters, it forms in the absence of a deep winter mixed layer. The formation mechanism of this ESTMW is investigated using an ocean general circulation model that is forced by monthly climatological temperatur...

The sublethal effects of simulated capture of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) were analysed using physiological responses, condition indexing, and performance variables. Simulated catch-and-release fishing included combinations of depth of capture and thermocline exposure reflective of environmental conditions experienced in the Gulf of Mexico. Frequency of occurrence of barotrauma and lack ...

Objective: Soil temperature serves as a key variable in hydrological investigations to determine soil moisture content as well as hydrological balance in watersheds. The ingoing research aims to shed lights on potential of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and Neuro-Fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to simulate soil temperature at 5-100 cm depths. To satisfy this end, climatic and...

1. Burbot larvae (Lota Lota) perform a substantial diel vertical migration (DVM) of increasing amplitude in the pelagic zone during a 3-month period before migrating to the littoral zone as early-juveniles. We hypothesised that feeding in the warm surface layers at night and then spending the day in cold water below the thermocline reduces metabolic costs and earns burbot larvae an energetic ad...

A new maximum angle method has been developed to determine surface mixed-layer (a general name for isothermal/constant-density layer) depth from profile data. It has three steps: (1) fitting the profile data with a first vector (pointing downward) from an upper level to a depth and a second vector (pointing downward) from that depth to a deeper level; (2) identifying the angle (varying with dep...

This study presents the first data on movement, habitat use and behaviour for yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares in the Atlantic Basin. Six individuals were tracked in the Gulf of Mexico using pop-up satellite archival tags. Records up to 80 days in length were obtained, providing information on depth and temperature preferences as well as horizontal movements. Thunnus albacares in the Gulf of Me...

Abstract A split-by-edges tree of a graph G is a binary tree T where the root = V(G), every leaf is an independent set in G, and for every other node N in T with children L and R there is an edge uv in G such that u and v are in N, L = N – v and R = N – u. Every maximum independent set in G is in the same layer M, which is guarantied to be found in a layer by layer search of T. Every depth-firs...

We show that the isotopic composition of oxygen (delta18O) in dissolved inorganic phosphate (Pi) reveals the balance between Pi transport and biological turnover rates in marine ecosystems. Our delta18Op of Pi (delta18Op) measurements herein indicate the importance of cell lysis in the regeneration of Pi in the euphotic zone. Depth profiles of the delta18Op in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans ar...