To maximize reproductive success, males have to adaptively tailor their sperm expenditure in relation to the quality of potential mates because they require time to replenish their sperm supply for subsequent mating opportunities. Therefore, in mating contexts where males must choose among females in a short period of time, as is the case with semelparous species (which die after one intensely ...

Physiological changes in females during and after mating are triggered by seminal fluid components in conjunction with female-derived molecules. In insects, these changes include increased egg production, storage of sperm, and changes in muscle contraction within the reproductive tract (RT). Such postmating changes have been studied in dissected RT tissues, but understanding their coordination ...

Optimal mating frequencies differ between sexes as a consequence of the sexual differentiation of reproductive costs per mating, where mating is normally more costly to females than males. In mating systems where sexual reproduction is costly to females, sexual conflict may cause both direct (i.e. by reducing female fecundity or causing mortality) and indirect (i.e. increased risk of mortality,...

Objectives: The purpose of current study was to determine the effect of Phaleria macrocarpa (P. macrocarpa)fruits aqueous extract on reproductive performance of adult male rats by assessing the serum testosterone level and evaluating their libido behavior. Methods and Materials: Eighteen male adult Spraque Dawley rats were divided into three groups and designated as treatment (240 mg/kg P. macr...

– The Myanmar long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis aurea) are distributed to coastal regions in Myanmar, ranging from 10 ̊ to 21 ̊N. Reproductive pattern was studied on a troop of long-tailed macaque inhabiting the steep limestone-rock Bayin Nyi Naung Mountain (16 ̊ 58.2' N), in Southern part of Myanmar, where the climate is seasonal. Bayin Nyi Naung Mountain troop shows the reproductive seas...

Among the small group of species (e.g., some temperate zone turtles, snakes, and bats) that exhibit a dissociated reproductive pattern, the red-sided garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) is probably the most well studied. For these species, courtship and mating occur immediately upon emergence from winter dormancy; the gonads remain essentially inactive. Male red-sided garter snakes ar...

—The Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia) has a mating system characterized by monogamy and biparental care, and has the broadest breeding distribution of any Dendroica species. When faced with a short breeding season and unpredictable conditions at high latitude, they display physiological responses to help optimize the tradeoff between individual risk and reproductive success. Because these ci...