In this essay we propose that the fundamental philosophical concept of conceptual complexity is captured mathematically by the notion of algorithmic information content, and we discuss the complexity of physical and mathematical theories, the complexity of biological mutations, and the most complex system in biology, the human brain. These are steps in the direction of a mathematical philosophy...

We used a mathematical modeling approach, based on a sample of 2,019 participants, to better understand what the cognitive reflection test (CRT; Frederick In Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19, 25-42, 2005) measures. This test, which is typically completed in less than 10 min, contains three problems and aims to measure the ability or disposition to resist reporting the response that first co...

In this article I review two recent competitive programming books, published in 2020, which have not yet been presented the Olympiads Informatics journal. The books are Algorithmic Thinking by Daniel Zingaro and Competitive Programming Python Christoph Dürr Jill-Jênn Vie. Both introductory but their approaches different. focuses on process of learning algorithmic problem solving uses problems a...

Computational thinking (Guzdial 2008; Wing 2006; Wing 2008) means solving problems using a logical, often mathematical, foundation. One important type of computational thinking involves being able to observe a problem in the world and then formulate a plan of action that can be carried out by a computer. Computational thinking is what computing professionals (MIS personnel, computer scientists)...

A theory of information and computation has been developed: " algo-rithmic information theory. " Two books [11–12] have recently been published on this subject, as well as a number of nontechnical discussions [13–16]. The main thrust of algorithmic information theory is twofold: (1) an information-theoretic mathematical definition of random sequence via algorithmic incompressibility, and (2) st...