Risk factors were studied for visual impairment in children without known pre- or postnatal cause, for a decrease of visual acuity. Children born at term 1979-98 and with a visual impairment were identified from the Swedish Register of Visually Impaired Children and data were linked with the Swedish Medical Birth Registry. Maternal characteristics such as maternal age, parity, maternal smoking ...

BACKGROUND Twin pregnancies in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) pose a high risk to mothers and newborns due to inherent biological risks and scarcity of health resources. We conducted a secondary analysis of the WHO Global Survey dataset to analyze maternal and perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancies and factors associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality in twins. METHODS We ex...

Normal maternal adaptation to pregnancy significantly increases the risk for thrombus formation. Inherited thrombophilias further increase risk for deep venous thrombosis and adverse outcome in pregnancy. Factor V Leiden mutation is the most common inherited thrombophilia, occurring in approximately 5% of the White and 1% of the Black populations. Nurses should be knowledgeable about screening ...

IntroductionMaternal undernutrition plays a critical role in influencing maternal, and child health outcomes magnifies the risk of death mother at time delivery. High-risk fertility behaviour is an obstacle to tackle maternal mortality.ObjectivesThe aim this study understand level high-risk chronic among ever-married women, also examine association between two.MethodsData for 190,581 women (15–...

Maternal and fetal risk The pregnancy related changes in intravascular volume, cardiac output, and systemic vascular resistance may result in maternal or fetal deterioration in women with CHD. Pregnancy in women with CHD, not complicated by Eisenmenger syndrome, is associated with low mortality. However, they continue to be at risk for other cardiac complications such as arrhythmia, heart failu...

Background: Poisoning is a major public health problem and is one of the most frequent causes of emergency hospital admissions. The aim of this study was to identify the main risk factors for unintentional childhood poisoning in Tehran, Iran and to suggest possible causes and preventative measures.   Methods: In this case-control study (case, n=140; control, n=280), two controls were se...

The incidence of testicular germ cell carcinoma (TGCC) is highest among men ages 20 to 44 years. Exposure to relatively high circulating maternal estrogen levels during pregnancy has long been suspected as being a risk factor for TGCC. Catechol (hydroxylated) estrogens have carcinogenic potential, thought to arise from reactive catechol intermediates with enhanced capability of forming mutation...

background: neural tube defects (ntds) including spina bifida and anencephaly are the second most common birth defects with 2.8 per 1000 births in northern iran. objectives: this study was conducted to determine the risk factors of neural tube defects in gorgan, north of iran. patients and methods: this hospital-based, case-control study was carried out on all ntd-affected pregnancies (n = 59) ...

Many factors have been identified to influence the risk of mother to child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. Chief amongst these is high maternal VL and advanced disease. High maternal viral load (mVL), measured at delivery, has been described as the strongest risk factor for both in utero (IU) and intrapartum (IP) transmission. Similarly, CD4+ T cell count and clinical stage of infection are also th...

Main results After controlling for poverty and marital relationship factors, maternal anxiety and depression during early childhood predicted high anxiety and depression symptoms at age 14. The effect was small, but increased with repeated exposure to maternal depression. Poverty, marital break-up and distressed marital relationships during the child’s first five years also increased the risk o...