1. Brief history of the use of solar energy to transform matter 2. Main characteristics of solar furnaces 3. Elaboration of materials using concentrated solar energy 3.1 Surface treatments 3.2 Melting and purification of bulk materials 3.3 Production of chemical commodities and ceramics 3.4 Elaboration of carbon molecules, nanomaterials and thin films 4. Testing of materials using concentrated ...

Van Gog and Sweller (2015) claim that there is no testing effect—no benefit of practicing retrieval—for complex materials. We show that this claim is incorrect on several grounds. First, Van Gog and Sweller’s idea of “element interactivity” is not defined in a quantitative, measurable way. As a consequence, the idea is applied inconsistently in their literature review. Second, none of the exper...

Applied Kinesiology (AK) is a scientifically unproven method used in complementary medicine to recognize the (in)tolerance of dental materials. Test-retest reliability of AK was examined. The working hypothesis was the assumption that the reliability of AK would not exceed random chance. Two dentists qualified in AK examined 112 volunteers to determine individual (in)tolerance toward two dental...

One-week prose retention was examined as a function of four activities immediately following reading. Completion questions as an immediate activity with knowledge of results produced significantly better delayed retention than did questions without knowledge of results or presentation of statements equivalent in information to the questions with knowledge of results. These three conditions yiel...

The study focuses on problems related to the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in HumanComputer Interaction (HCI) for Educational Adaptive Hypermedia (EAH). It analyses how to apply Machine Learning (ML) techniques to support teachers in authoring teaching materials. AI principles and techniques are applied to the generation, testing and recommendation of teaching materials (computer ...

At the heart of these changes is a strong emphasis on the need for ensuring biocompatibility. This heightened awareness of the safety of medical devices has taken on an international character, in large part because of the convergence of FDA regulations and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards.1,2As international requirements for the biological evaluation of materials ...