This paper discusses the reconstruction of three-dimensional material structures of pervious concretes using two-dimensional digital images obtained from actual specimens, and computational permeability predictions using these reconstructed three-dimensional material structures. The computer programs developed at the National Institutes of Standards and Technology (NIST) are used to obtain thre...

The feasibility of predicting the fracture behavior of surface cracks from shallow cracked bend specimens was investigated. The material studied was a high-strength steel stress relief embrittled to various levels of Charpy-V notch impact toughness. Material toughness was quantified in terms of the J-intergral at total specimen failure (-/„,,), using both deeply notched and shallow-notched bend...

Social values shape policy outcomes. We examine the role of postmaterialism, a widely used concept in the social sciences, for the mix of capital and labour taxation chosen by a society. Following political scientist Inglehart, we define the degree of postmaterialism as the relative importance which individuals or a society as a whole ascribe to non-material values over material things. We inco...

371 2013 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A Julian M. Allwood, Michael F. Ashby, Timothy G. Gutowski and Ernst Worrell with less material production Material efficiency: providing material services References html#related-urls http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/371/1986/20120496.full. Article cited in: 96.full.html#ref-list-1 http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/371/1986/201204 This a...

Material efficiency, as discussed in this Meeting Issue, entails the pursuit of the technical strategies, business models, consumer preferences and policy instruments that would lead to a substantial reduction in the production of high-volume energy-intensive materials required to deliver human well-being. This paper, which introduces a Discussion Meeting Issue on the topic of material efficien...

it has been observed that most of the chemical entities have high lipophilicity and poor aqueous solubility, which result in poor bioavailability. in order to improve the bioavailability, the release behavior of such drugs should be improved. although there are numerous techniques to handle solubility related issue, but they are expensive due to involvement of complicated equipments, advanced m...