Periods of immobilisation are often associated with pathologies and/or ageing. These periods of muscle disuse induce muscle atrophy which could worsen the pathology or elderly frailty. If muscle mass loss has positive effects in the short term, a sustained/uncontrolled muscle mass loss is deleterious for health. Muscle mass recovery following immobilisation-induced atrophy could be critical, pa...

Recent advances in our understanding of the biology of muscle have led to new interest in the pharmacological treatment of muscle wasting. Loss of muscle mass and increased intramuscular fibrosis occur in both sarcopenia and muscular dystrophy. Several regulators (mammalian target of rapamycin, serum response factor, atrogin-1, myostatin, etc.) seem to modulate protein synthesis and degradation...

Muscle performance is influenced by turnover of contractile proteins. Production of new myofibrils and degradation of existing proteins is a delicate balance, which, depending on the condition, can promote muscle growth or loss. Protein synthesis and protein degradation are coordinately regulated by pathways that are influenced by mechanical stress, physical activity, availability of nutrients,...

OBJECTIVE To characterize the epidemiology of wasting and identify the main predictors of wasting, severe wasting and poor weight-for-height in children. DESIGN We analysed a nationally representative sample of 2028 children (Multiple Indicator Survey, 2010). SETTING Royal Kingdom of Bhutan. SUBJECTS Children aged 0-23 months. RESULTS Wasting prevalence was significantly higher among in...

Creatinine and myoglobin are poor predictors of anaerobic threshold in colorectal cancer and health. It certainly has been agreed upon that lean muscle mass (LMM) is essential in predicting aerobic performance of healthy and nondisseminated colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. It was confirmed that LMM is a powerful predictor of aerobic performance and mortality. Additionally, there are some repor...

Exposure to extreme altitude presents many physiological challenges. In addition to impaired physical and cognitive function, energy imbalance invariably occurs resulting in weight loss and body composition changes. Weight loss, and in particular, loss of fat free mass, combined with the inherent risks associated with extreme environments presents potential performance, safety, and health risks...

Arthrogryposis as a congenital malformation that refers to the fixed flexion of one or more joints as a result of stiffness or limited movements of multiple joints, change of posture and limb function due to permanent contracture of joints and wasting of muscles that usually occur at early stage of gestation. This report describes congenital arthrogryposis associated with musculoskeletal defect...

In this paper we present a particle-based method for large scale long time progressive simulation of terrain erosion containing wet granular particles. The wetting process and the propagation through granular material is based on defining the wetness value for each particle representing the amount of water absorbed by granular particles and stored between them, as was originally proposed by Run...