Monitoring the quality of the bathing waters of Gipuzkoa (the Basque Country, Spain) makes it possible to assess the suitability of its 15 beaches for bathing throughout each season. In 1998, the parameters E. coli, somatic coliphages (SOMCPH) and F-specific RNA bacteriophages (FRNAPH) were incorporated into the bathing water quality monitoring system. This enabled the study of the link between...

Effects of the diuretic ethacrynic acid on osmotic water permeability were investigated in the isolated perfused collecting tubule of the rabbit kidney. The base-line water permeability of the collecting tubule was not affected when the drug (10(-4)M) alone was added to the bathing medium. Vasopressin alone in the bathing medium (2, 5 muU/ml) elicited a significant increase in osmotic water abs...

Learning and teaching the complex craft of relationship-centered care in the context of the competing demands of clinical family medicine can be challenging. The "Clinical Hand" is an educational aid, which serves as a curricular map specifying what content and skills are important for relationship centered care. The Clinical Hand illuminates seven features of the clinical encounter. "Opening t...

Despite their common use in clinical settings, caregivers' recollections of the hassles they face in caregiving have not been examined in previous research. Ninety-seven spousal caregivers of persons with dementia were assessed for 6 consecutive months concerning caregiving hassles and numerous other issues. A multi-pass rank order assessment identified the most stressful event in caregiving ov...

Following a major beach closure due to bacterial contamination, a survey of beachgoers was conducted in Huntington Beach, California in 1999 to assess perceived health risk from swimming. Responses were compared to those of beachgoers at the unaffected Laguna Main Beach. No significant differences were found in risk perception. Respondents were aware of the closures (83%), yet the majority (83%...

All Dutch dialects — or, more generally, all West-Germanic dialects except English — display the effects of a process called final devoicing (FD), illustrated in (1) for standard Dutch: an underlyingly voiced obstruent devoices when it occurs at the end of a syllable. That the obstruent is underlyingly voiced can be seen in other morphological contexts, where it does not end the syllable. Thus ...

As part of the revised EU Bathing Water Directive, there is scope to discount bathing water quality samples which show poor water quality if poor water quality is predicted and the public forewarned. The Cloud to Coast (C2C) project is developing a model to allow prediction of faecal indicator organism (FIO) concentrations in bathing waters. One of the C2C sub-models is investigating FIO loads ...

Zea mays L. cv INRA 5a coleoptile segments ecidify the incubation medium on the addition of 1-naphthyl acetate (1-NA). The buffering capacity of the bathing solution increases during 1-NA stimulated medium acidification. The solution bathing the 1-NA treated coleoptile segment was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. A considerable amount of acetic acid was detected in the bathin...

OBJECTIVE To compare the pain-reducing effect of forest bathing alone versus forest bathing in combination with stretching and strengthening exercises in patients with chronic posterior neck pain. METHODS Sixty-four subjects with posterior neck pain that had lasted more than 3 months were enrolled. They were randomly divided into a forest bathing alone (FBA) group and a forest bathing with ex...