Fish farming methods that is suitable for the Iraqi marshes were classified in two main categories: water based and soil methods. In first category it was found floating net cages could be used rivers branches, while fixed shallowest bodies. It there a good opportunity to use Enclosures Pens. The natural grazing method applied wide area all over marsh, especially which enclosed by dams. second ...

Salt marshes are under increasing anthropogenic pressures that have been reported to affect the diet of fish (e.g., change in prey composition and availability), eventually resulting alterations their nursery function. Most studies Europe based on gut content analysis, which only reflect a small proportion salt marshes, do not necessarily long-term disturbances. In this study, we investigated i...

Living shoreline marshes are coastal wetlands constructed as alternatives to “hardened shorelines” (e.g., bulkheads, riprap) mitigate erosion and allow for landward migration of intertidal habitat sea level rises. shorelines designed mimic natural fringing over time should be sinks carbon other nutrients. We collected soil cores aboveground plant material from 13 pairs living different ages deg...

The Iraqi (Mesopotamian) Marshes, an extensive wetlands system in Iraq, has been heavily impacted by both human and climate forces over the past decades. In the period leading up to the Second Gulf War in 2002, the marshlands were shrinking due to both a policy of draining and water diversion in Iraq and construction of dams upstream on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Following the war through...

According to McIlhenny (1935) the alligator, Alligator m'!8Stsstppiensis, with the exception of the crocodile, Crocodylus acutus, of southern Florida, is by far the largest reptile inhabiting the United States. This species is found throughout Louisiana, with the bulk of the population located in the coastal marshes of the state. During the late 1950's concern for the survival of this species a...

Abstract The relationship between Atlantic ribbed mussels ( Geukensia demissa ) and smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora represents a textbook example of facultative mutualism. It is also foundational to wetland ecosystems along the coast North America. plantings play an essential role in marsh reconstruction projects, rapidly gaining popularity as tool coastal restoration help marshes resist...