The international workshop ‘‘Planet Mars II’’ which took place at the Centre de Physique in Les Houches (France) on May 23–June 1, 2005, led to vivid and fruitful discussions about the new results which have recently come out of the Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Odyssey, Exploration Rovers and Mars Express space missions. Following the first workshop which took place on April 28–May 9, 2003 (Encre...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Mars lobate debris aprons lineated valley fill debris-covered glaciers glaciation rock glaciers Lobate debris aprons (LDA) and lineated valley fill (LVF) have been known to characterize the mid-latitude regions of Mars since documented by Viking; their flow-like character suggested that deposition of ice in talus pile pore space caused lubrication and flow during...

Introduction: Evidence of aeolian sandstone outcrops, migrating sand dunes, and changes in surface albedo changes caused by redistribution of surface dust on Mars demonstrate that aeolian processes have been and continue to be a dominant agent of surface modification [3] [7] [9]. It is known that strong wind events on Mars can be responsible for lifting large amounts of sediment into the atmosp...

Introduction: Currently there exist a number of Mars mesoscale atmospheric models (e.g., [1], [2], [3]), with many more in development and/or testing around the world. In light of this burgeoning worldwide use of such models, it may be useful to describe some of the capabilities that a current Mars mesoscale model may possess. This will be accomplished here by reviewing notable changes and addi...

Martian crustal magnetic fields influence the solar wind interaction with Mars in a way that is not fully understood. In some locations, act as “mini-magnetospheres,” shielding planet's atmosphere, while other locations they channels for enhanced energy input and particle escape. The net effect of this system intuitively clear, but previous modeling studies have suggested likely decrease global...

Since the first in situ observations of the Martian atmosphere were made by the twin Viking landers, we have learned considerably more about its composition, dynamics and variability. Not only did the new data on global atmospheric densities generate opportunities to understand the atmospheric composition of early Mars and supply constraints at the upper limit of General Circulation Models, it ...

0019-1035/$ see front matter 2009 Elsevier Inc. A doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.08.023 * Address: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Ft. Lo USA. Fax: +1 520 795 3697. E-mail address: [email protected]. Barchan dune asymmetry refers to the extension of one barchan limb downwind. It is a common dune form on Earth and also occurs on Mars and Titan. A new classification of barchan limbs is presented wh...

Introduction: Mineral equilibria provide predic-tors of properties important in aqueous geochemistry (solubility, freezing, precipitation, dissolution, etc.). Prediction works well where groundwater is well above freezing, but less so where only thin films of cold water and ice are present. Calculations are also limited where water/rock ratios are small, the general case on Mars. On Mars many m...

Scaffold or matrix attachment regions (S/MARs) are found in all eukaryotes. The pattern of distribution and genomic context of S/MARs is thought to be important for processes such as chromatin organization and modulation of gene expression. Despite the importance of such processes, much is unknown about the large-scale distribution and sequence content of S/MARs in vivo. Here, we report the use...

To demonstrate a Mixed Axial and Radial field System (MARS) as the best magnet scheme for future ECRISs, MARS-D, a demonstrative ECRIS using a NbTi MARS magnet is progressing at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. An optimized MARS design can use either NbTi or Nb3Sn coils with reduced engineering complexities to construct the needed high-field magnets. The optimized magnet design could enha...