NASA's Mars Geodesy/Cartography Working Group (MGCWG), established in 1998 and chaired since 2000 by one of us (TCD), consists of leading researchers in planetary geodesy and cartography at such diverse institutions as JPL, NASA Ames and Goddard Centers, Purdue and Ohio State Universities, Malin Space Science Ssystems, the German Center for Aerospace Research DLR, and the US Geological Survey, ...

Scaffold or matrix-attachment regions (S/MARs) are thought to be involved in the organization of eukaryotic chromosomes and in the regulation of several DNA functions. Their characteristics are conserved between plants and humans, and a variety of biological activities have been associated with them. The identification of S/MARs within genomic sequences has proved to be unexpectedly difficult, ...

With a mission to Mars no longer merely an idea of science fiction, it is not too early to determine the technology requirements that will ultimately make it possible for humans to establish a long term outpost on Mars. One key aspect is the development of a reliable, reusable launch vehicle to shuttle astronauts between the Mars surface and low Martian orbit. This preliminary design study serv...

The early climate of Mars (Noachian Period, the first ~20% of its history) is thought to differ significantly from that of its more recent history (Amazonian Period, the last ~66%) which is characterized by hyperarid, hypothermal conditions that result in mean annual air temperatures (MAAT) well below 0°C, a global cryosphere, minimal melting on the ground surface, and a horizontally stratified...

A description of the most accurate analytical theory of the motion of Phobos, so far constructed, is presented. Several elements of the gravitational field of Mars, gravitational interactions between Phobos and Mars, Deimos and Jupiter, as well as tidal effects due to the interaction between the Sun and Mars, never considered before, have been taken into account. The theory is based on the mode...

We present here results on the preservation of organics in highly oxidized rock materials and clay layers drilled from 0-6m-depth (Borehole-7) under the Mars Analog Rio Tinto Experiment (MARTE). This simulated a Mars robotic drilling mission at the RioTinto (Spain) [2,5]. The RT represents an important analog of the Sinus Meridiani Mars Site, and an ideal model for a potential deep subsurface M...

The human apolipoprotein B (apoB) gene resides in a 47.5 kb DNasel-sensitive chromosomal domain in hepatic and intestinal cells, flanked by the 5' distal matrix association region (MAR) and the 3' proximal MAR. A third MAR, the 5' proximal MAR, is found only in transcriptionally active hepatic (HepG2) cells. Hepatic expression of the apoB gene requires a tissue-specific promoter (-898 to +121) ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Metal artifact reduction sequence (MARS) MRI is widely advocated for surveillance of metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties (MOM-HAs). However, its use is limited by susceptibility artifact at the prosthesis-bone interface, local availability, patient compliance, and cost (Hayter et al. 2011a). We wanted to determine whether CT is a suitable substitute for MARS MRI in evaluati...

Introduction: Since the Viking and Mariner 9 missions of nearly a quarter of a century ago provided global coverage of the Martian landscape at resolutions of 100-150m/pixel, a plethora of science related information pertaining to Mars and its landscape have become available to the scientific community. This information includes comprehensive global topography (MOLA), both low (Viking) and high...