Knowledge bases are in widespread use for aiding tasks such as information extraction and information retrieval, for example in Web search. However, knowledge bases are known to be inherently incomplete, where in particular tail entities and properties are under-represented. As a complimentary data source, embedded entity markup based on Microdata, RDFa, and Microformats have become prevalent o...

In the past few years digital humanists have recognised that the development of tools for the collaborative creation of shareable, reusable and archivable transcriptions of historical documents is being held back by the complexity and lack of interoperability of customisable XML encoding standards. To fix this problem transcriptions must be split into their constituent parts: a plain text and i...

This article documents new empirical facts about the effects of credit expansion on aggregate markup and dispersion in United States. We use U.S. macroeconomic data Jordà’s local projection single-equation estimation methods. 

ActiveMath is a complex Web-based adaptive learning environment with a number of components and interactive learning tools. The basis for handling semantics of learning content is provided by its semantic (mathematics) content markup which is additionally annotated with educational metadata. Several components, tools, and external services can make use of that content markup, for instance a cou...

This paper describes the beginning of an effort within the Linguist List’s Electronic Metastructure for Endangered Languages Data (E-MELD) project to develop markup recommendations for representing the morphosyntactic structures of the world’s endangered languages. Rather than proposing specific markup recommendations as in the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), we propose to construct an environm...

The extensible markup language (XML) is a standard for describing the structure of information and content on the Internet over the past several years. XML has recently emerged as the most relevant standardization in the area of document representation through markup language (Bertion, 2002). XML is used to store and exchange data in the Internet environment that may include private messages of...

The Extensible Markup Language (XML)1) is a markup language developed in response to a recommendation by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).2) It is a meta language used to make an information structure. XML’s original specification is the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML).3) Now, XML is used not only as a format language but also as a framework in various areas beyond the SGML field...

This paper links two existing but separate literatures. Measures of the markup, inflation and relative price variability (RPV) from annual and quarterly US and UK data are used to examine the relationships among the variables. The results show that two long-run relationships can be identified from the data: a negative relationship between inflation and the markup and a positive relationship bet...