Demographic differences may produce interstate variation in the burden of osteoporosis. We estimated the burden of fragility fractures by race/ethnicity, age, sex, and service site across five diverse and populous states. State inpatient databases for 2000 were used to describe hospital fracture admissions, and a Markov decision model was used to estimate annual fracture incidence and cost for ...

a wind farm is a collection of wind turbines built in an area to provide electricity. wind power is a renewable energy resource and an alternative to non-renewable fossil fuels. in this paper impact of wind farms in power system reliability is investigate and a new procedure for reliability assessment of wind farms in hl1 level is proposed. in proposed procedure, application of fuzzy – markov f...

Saudi Arabia has experienced substantial urban growth over the last few decades, transforming from rural to communities due rapid economic growth. is ranked as one of most urbanized countries, with more than 80% its population existing in centers. Four Landsat imagery datasets acquired 1989, 2002, 2013, and 2021 were used estimate dynamics land cover Al-Qurayyat City investigate relationship be...

Mathematical modeling of excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) in ventricular cardiac myocytes is a multiscale problem, and it is therefore difficult to develop spatially detailed simulation tools. ECC involves gradients on the length scale of 100 nm in dyadic spaces and concentration profiles along the 100 μm of the whole cell, as well as the sub-millisecond time scale of local concentration c...

In this paper three methods for on-line identification of first markov parameter at linear multivariable plants are presented. In these methods input-output data are used far the on-line identification of the first markov parameter.

image segmentation is an important task in image processing and computer vision which attract many researchers attention. there are a couple of information sets pixels in an image: statistical and structural information which refer to the feature value of pixel data and local correlation of pixel data, respectively. markov random field (mrf) is a tool for modeling statistical and structural inf...

The paper examines the application of semi-Markov models to the phenomenon of earthquakes in Tehran province. Generally, earthquakes are not independent of each other, and time and place of earthquakes are related to previous earthquakes; moreover, the time between earthquakes affects the pattern of their occurrence; thus, this occurrence can be likened to semi-Markov models. ...

this paper proposes an extension of markov chain model to characterize of geological formations and to make conditioning on any number of well data possible. in this study, lithofacies cycles of the amiran formation at type and pirshamsedin sections are examined by markov method and entropy analysis as well as field observations, and depositional environment has interpreted by proposed ideal se...

Many papers concerned with the Brownian sheet contain a statement to the effect that this process satisfies the sharp Markov property with respect to almost no curve in the plane, and thus is not Markovian in a natural way. The objective of this paper is to show quite the opposite: the Brownian sheet satisfies the sharp Markov property with respect to almost every Jordan curve in the plane. The...