Every internal combustion engine operates on the principle of converting thermal energy into mechanical work. During fuel in cylinders, heat is released. It also has its negative effects; one overheating cylinders and general. Since parts are made metal with own characteristics, optimal temperature must be achieved order to protect components from and, thus, undesirable consequences overheating...

Marine growth has been observed to cause a drop in the horizontal and vertical velocities of underwater gliders, thus making them unresponsive needing immediate recovery. Currently, no strategies exist correctly identify onset marine for gliders only limited data sets biofouled hulls exist. Here, field test conducted first investigate impact on dynamics power consumption then design an anomaly ...

The interests, responsibilities and opportunities of states to provide infrastructure and resource management are not limited to their land territory but extend to marine areas as well. So far, although the theoretical structure of a Marine Administration System (MAS) is based on the management needs of the various countries, the marine terms have not been clearly defined. In order to define an...

objective(s):sea cucumber derived bioactive compound is considered efficient in treatment of bone disorders. this study was performed   to evaluate the effect of this extract on differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rbmmsc) into osteogenic lineage. materials and methods: isolated rbmmsc were grown in dmem supplemented with 10% fbs. the cells were exposed to different concen...

background marine sponge/nano-cuo as a natural catalyst efficiently catalyzed the sulfonylation reaction of p-chlorobenzene sulfonyl chlorides with amines in order to prepare sulfonamides. the advantages included use of a natural catalyst, ease of handling, requirement of a very small amount of catalyst, mild reaction condition and appropriateness to high yield. objectives the current study aim...

The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998-2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmac...

Networks of marine reserves are increasingly being promoted as a means of conserving marine biodiversity. One consideration in designing systems of marine reserves is the maintenance of connectivity to ensure the long-term persistence and resilience of populations. Knowledge of connectivity, however, is frequently lacking during marine reserve design and establishment. We characterise patterns ...