By far, the most complicated case in target tracking is to track multiple maneuvering targets in heavy clutter. Numerous methods and algorithms have been devoted to this problem and for any one of them pros and cons can be pointed out. Theoretically, for example, the MHT method is known to be the most powerful approach to tracking multiple maneuvering targets in clutter. This method, however, v...

In tracking systems using phased array antenna, the adaptive-gain CX-P tracker combined with circular prediction has been proposed for maneuvering targets. However, tracking quality of the circular prediction filter degrades for highly maneuvering targets that continue to change the turning plane, since the circular prediction is calculated on the assumption that a target flies on the same plan...

A new weather routing method is proposed that accounts for ship maneuvering motions, ocean currents, wind, and waves through a time domain computer simulation. The maneuvering motions are solved by differential equations of motion for every moment throughout the voyage. Moreover, the navigation route, expressed in terms of a Bézier curve, is optimized for minimum fuel consumption by the Powell ...

Deportation is a core state practice for the management and control of time-served foreign national offenders. Post-Brexit law changes mean that EU offenders in UK will become subject to same deportation rules which apply non-EU This article argues applied before Brexit, derived from EU’s Citizens’ Rights Directive, was underpinned by focus on offender as an individual person. In contrast, appl...

The myth that restorative justice is the opposite of retributive persists, despite a long history rhetorical challenges. Only empirical evidence can advance debate, so this article investigates relationship between punishment and victim–offender communication from victim’s perspective. Interviews with 40 victims crime established some saw as alternatives, others them independent. However, more ...

Taking into account the disadvantage of the potential loss of accuracy due to the overmodeling at these nonmaneuvering times in the interacting multiple model (IMM) method, an improved IMM algorithm based on the Viterbi technique and the model probability cumulant is proposed. First, select one or two optimal models from the model set to enhance the model utilization rate. Then, judge the varia...