Phenylketonuria is a genetic defect that, without strict dietary control, results in the accumulation of phenylalanine (Phe) in body fluids. If a low-Phe diet is not maintained during pregnancy, the offspring of phenylketonuric women are born with mental retardation and microcephaly. Primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule cells, rat cortical astrocytes, human fetal astrocytes, and human neu...

Magnetite nanoparticles are of great importance in nanotechnology and nanomedicine and have found manifold applications. Here, the effect of coating of magnetite nanoparticles with organic stabilizers, such as O-phosphoryl ethanolamine, glycerol phosphate, phospho-l-ascorbic acid, phospho-d,l-serine, glycolic acid, lactic acid, d,l-malic acid, and d,l-mandelic acid was studied. Remarkably, this...

New resolving bases for ibuprofen 1 and mandelic acid 2 were studied and qualified by their binary phase diagrams of the corresponding salts. It was shown that analysis of the binary phase diagrams gives a good prediction for a resolution process. A comparison of resolving bases revealed that (S)-phenylglycinol (S)-7 is the best resolving base for ibuprofen 1. By the same procedure, various res...

The fungus Verticillium lecanii has previously been shown to be capable of inverting the chirality of ibuprofen and 2-phenylpropionic acid from the (R)-enantiomer to the corresponding (S)-antipode, a phenomenon also observed in mammalian systems including man. An investigation is reported here into the substrate specificity of the enzyme system present in V. lecanii using the following 2-arylpr...

A new protocol for Ru-catalyzed decarboxylative cyclization of mandelic acids with acrylates was established, which allows efficient construction of the phthalide skeleton. Interestingly, this reaction underwent a decarboxylative process, in which only divinylation was observed, and the subsequent cyclization led to the formation of phthalides.

The aim of this work is to compare several short-term biomarkers of styrene exposure, namely urinary styrene (StyU), mercapturic acids (M1+M2), mandelic acid (MA), phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA), phenylglycine (PHG), and 4-vinylphenol conjugates (VP), for use as biomarkers of exposure in epidemiologic studies. A repeated measurements protocol (typically 4 measurements per worker over 6 weeks) was a...