In Mandarin Chinese, the space-time word “前 /qian” is used to express both the spatial concept of front/forward and the temporal concept of early/before (e.g., “前天/qiantian”, literally front day, meaning the day before yesterday). This is consistent with the fact that Mandarin speakers can gesture to the front of the body to refer to a past event, and more generally can have past-in-front space...

Increased oxidative stress is known to accelerate age-related pathologies. Beta-cryptoxanthin (β-CRX, (3R)-β,β-caroten-3-ol) is a potent antioxidant that is highly rich in Satsuma mandarin orange (mandarin), which is the most popular fruit in Japan. We investigated the antioxidative and anti-aging effects of β-CRX and mandarin using senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP10), which were characterized...

Several etiological and epidemiological studies have been undertaken to determine the disease causal agent and the mechanism of spread of Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD). Until recently, two distinct potyviruses have been reported to cause the disease. These are Cassava brown streak virus (originated in Tanzania but most widely spread) and Ugandan Cassava brown streak virus (reported in Uga...

Much work on ellipsis has been conducted using data from English, and many widely acknowledged types of ellipsis exist in English. The extent to which the named ellipsis mechanisms exist in other languages is, though, often not clear. This manuscript surveys ellipsis in Mandarin Chinese using a dependency-based approach to syntax. It probes to see which ellipsis mechanisms exist in Mandarin. Th...

Abstract Across languages, structures with non-canonical word order have been shown to be problematic for both child and adult heritage speakers. To investigate the linguistic child-level factors that modulate speakers’ difficulties orders, we examined comprehension production of three Mandarin in 5- 9-year-old Mandarin-English children compared them age-matched Mandarin-speaking monolingual ad...

Purpose To evaluate the effects of mandarin orange yogurt containing nobiletin and β-lactoglobulin on the allergic conjunctivitis induced by a conjunctival allergen challenge (CAC). Methods Experiment 1 was performed on 26 asymptomatic patients (age, 25.3 ± 5.3 years) with proven seasonal allergic conjunctivitis due to cedar pollen. We compared the degree of conjunctivitis induced by CAC befo...

The standard two-step methods for grafting horticultural crops involve cultivating the rootstock a period of time and then connecting scion. Medicinal Cannabis differs from most annual because it is usually clonally propagated cuttings. We developed methodology specifically medicinal Cannabis, involving single step, in which freshly cut scion grafted to donor stem that will become rootstock. Th...