INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to evaluate shoulder function following minimally invasive subtotal subscapularis muscle and periarticular capsuloligamentous arthroscopic release in children with Erb's palsy. METHODS A prospective study was conducted on 15 consecutive children who underwent subtotal subscapularis muscle and periarticular capsuloligamentous arthroscopic release to t...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the outcome of modified Quad procedure in preteen and teen patients with brachial plexus birth palsy. BACKGROUND We have previously demonstrated a significant improvement in shoulder abduction, resulting from the modified Quad procedure in children (mean age 2.5 years; range, 0.5-9 years) with obstetric brachial plexus injury. METHODS We describe in this report the out...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the functional and radiographic results in patients undergoing shoulder anterior soft tissue stretching in association with open reduction and internal rotation osteotomy to centralize the humeral head as a treatment for Erb-Duchenne obstetric palsy sequelae. METHOD A total of 35 patients underwent this surgical treatment, and the mean follow-up was 4.6 years. The Mallet...

Communal roosting has been studied most extensively in birds and bats, but the behavior is taxonomically widespread (e.g., Reynierse et al. 1969; Cook et al. 1976; Pearson & Anderson 1985; Mallet 1986; Cockerill 1988; Miller 1989; Alcock 1998; Pimenta & Martins 1999; Gomes-Filho 2000; Grether & Switzer 2000). The location of communal roosts often appears to be traditional in that the same sites...

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