Thirty-five strains of malolactic bacteria were isolated from grapes and alcoholic and malolactic fermentations in two vineyards from northwestern Spain. These belonged to six species of the genera Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc. The results of their partial enological characterization showed that 47.5% utilized more than 80% of the initial malic acid.

Trichosporon cutaneum degraded 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid to acetoacetic and malic acids. 3.4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, an intermediate in the reaction sequence, underwent hydroxylation before the benzene ring was cleaved.

The combining ability analysis using Line × Tester model was conducted in chickpea to know the general and specific combining ability of the distingushing parents and their crosses, respectively and to select best material for further breeding programme and generation advanceme- nt. Two genetically diverse testers viz., JAKI-9218 and ICCV-2 as females and 8 males viz., HC-5, ICC-506, PKV Harita...

Integrated amperometric biosensors for the determination of L-malic and L-lactic acids were developed by coimmobilization of the enzymes L-malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and diaphorase (DP), or L-lactate oxidase (LOX) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), respectively, together with the redox mediator tetrathiafulvalene (TTF), on a 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-modified ...

The cytosolic malic enzyme (ME1) has been suggested to augment insulin secretion via the malate-pyruvate and/or citrate-pyruvate shuttles, through the production of NADPH or other metabolites. We used selectable vectors expressing short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to stably decrease Me1 mRNA levels by 80-86% and ME1 enzyme activity by 78-86% with either of two shRNAs in the INS-1 832/13 insulinoma cell...

Oxalic acid has long been regarded as an end-product of oxidative metabolic reactions in leaves. It is widely distributed in plants although the relative quantity present is not commonly great; nevertheless, in certain genera characterized by highly acid saps, such as Oxalis, Rumex, Begonia, and Rheum, oxalic acid may be the organic acid component present in greatest proportion. In tobacco, a s...