Anopheles mosquitoes are major vectors of human malaria in Africa. Large variation exists in the ability of mosquitoes to serve as vectors and to transmit malaria parasites, but the molecular mechanisms that determine vectorial capacity remain poorly understood. We report that the hemocyte-specific complement-like protein TEP1 from the mosquito Anopheles gambiae binds to and mediates killing of...

Anopheles nili Theobald 1904 and An. moucheti Evans 1925 are major human malaria vectors in forested and humid savannah areas of West and Central Africa [1]. Yet, they remain critically understudied and basic knowledge on their biology, ecology and genetics is crucially lacking [2]. To date, most studies of African malaria vectors have focused on An. gambiae, An. arabien‐ sis, and An. funestus,...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The Ramgarh district of Jharkhand state, India is highly malarious owing to abundance of different malaria vector species, namely Anopheles culicifacies, An. fluviatilis and An. annularis. In spite of high prevalence of malaria vectors in Ramgarh, their larval ecology and climatic conditions affecting malaria dynamics have never been studied. Therefore, the objective of ...

background and purpose: islamic republic of iran has greatly reduced its malaria burden and has a national goal to eliminate malaria by 2025. the aim of this study was to determine the population dynamics of anopheles maculipennis sensu lato, in relation to probable malaria transmission. for this purpose, the study was conducted in three villages in isfahan province of iran, from april to march...

Malaria parasites (Plasmodium spp.) have plagued humans for millennia. Less well known are related parasites (Haemosporida), with diverse life cycles and dipteran vectors that infect other vertebrates. Understanding the evolution of parasite life histories, including switches between hosts and vectors, depends on knowledge of evolutionary relationships among parasite lineages. In particular, in...

With the aim to develop an efficient and cost-effective approach to control malaria, we have generated porcine parvovirus-like particles (PPV-VLPs) carrying the CD8(+) T cell epitope (SYVPSAEQI) of the circumsporozoite (CS) protein from Plasmodium yoelii fused to the PPV VP2 capsid protein (PPV-PYCS), and tested in prime/boost protocols with poxvirus vectors for efficacy in a rodent malaria mod...

Anopheles darlingi Root is the major vector of human malaria in the Neotropics and has been considered to be the sole malaria vector in French Guiana. The presence of other potential vectors suggests that malaria may be transmitted by other species under certain conditions. From 2006-2011, all anopheline specimens collected from 11 localities were assayed to determine if the Plasmodium circumsp...

Three recent outbreaks of locally acquired malaria in densely populated areas of the United States demonstrate the continued risk for mosquitoborne transmission of this disease. Increased global travel, immigration, and the presence of competent anopheline vectors throughout the continental United States contribute to the ongoing threat of malaria transmission. The likelihood of mosquitoborne t...

The Indian National Malaria Eradication Programme (NMEP) was launched in 1958 using indoor residual spraying (IRS) for all roofed structures, except for those in urban areas where larval source management (LSM) was recommended [2]. While malaria incidence declined overall, urban malaria increased during the 1960s especially in the states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Mah...

Anopheles minimus (Diptera : Culicidae) has been reported as a principal malaria vector in district Nainital1. An. fluviatilis and An. culicifacies (Diptera: Culicidae) were later incriminated as malaria vectors and An. minimus was reported virtually absent2–4. Recently, in forest ecotype, An. fluviatilis has been incriminated as malaria vector and its sibling species ‘S’, which is a potential ...