The energy cost of renal function in the intact kidney of the dog was assessed at a series of arterial perfusion pressures. Pressure was varied by partially inflating a balloon at the tip of a catheter positioned in the aorta above the origins of the renal arteries. Either L-[U-14C]-lactate was infused intravenously in tracer amounts throughout each experiment. Total renal CO2 production and 14...

BACKGROUND Although outdoor cultivation systems have been widely used for mass production of microalgae at a relatively low cost, there are still limited efforts on outdoor cultivation of carbohydrate-rich microalgae that were further used as feedstock for fermentative bioethanol production. In particular, the effects of seasonal changes on cell growth, CO2 fixation, and carbohydrate production...

The enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA), which is concentrated mainly in the osmoregulatory tissue of the gills, appears to be required for ion regulation but not for CO2 excretion. An injection of the CA inhibitor acetazolamide produced an inhibition of between 90 and 100 %, which took 6 h to be fully effective, and 48-96 h to wear off. During trie period of inhibition in Callinectes sapidus there ...

Elevated global temperatures and increased concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere associated with climate change will exert profound effects on rice cropping systems, particularly on their greenhouse gas emitting potential. Incorporating biochar into paddy soil has been shown previously to reduce methane (CH4) emission from paddy rice under ambient temperature and CO2. We exam...

A three-dimensional circulation model that includes a representation of anthropogenic carbon as a passive tracer is forced with climatological buoyancy and momentum fluxes. This simulation is then used to compute offline the anthropogenic 1pCO2 (defined as the difference between the atmospheric CO2 and its seawater partial pressure) trends over three decades between the years 1970 and 2000. It ...

New electrified vehicle concepts are about to enter the market in Europe. The expected gains in environmental performance for these new vehicle types are associated with higher technology costs. In parallel, the fuel efficiency of internal combustion engine vehicles and hybrids is continuously improved, which in turn advances their environmental performance but also leads to additional technolo...

Methanol is considered an interesting carbon source in "bio-based" microbial production processes. Since Corynebacterium glutamicum is an important host in industrial biotechnology, in particular for amino acid production, we performed studies of the response of this organism to methanol. The C. glutamicum wild type was able to convert (13)C-labeled methanol to (13)CO2. Analysis of global gene ...

Sun, Xing-Guo, James E. Hansen, William W. Stringer, Hua Ting, and Karlman Wasserman Carbon dioxide pressure-concentration relationship in arterial and mixed venous blood during exercise. J Appl Physiol 90: 1798–1810, 2001.—To calculate cardiac output by the indirect Fick principle, CO2 concentrations (CCO2) of mixed venous (Cv#CO2) and arterial blood are commonly estimated from PCO2, based on ...

Anthropogenic CO2 presently at 400 ppm is expected to reach 550 ppm in 2050, an increment expected to affect plant growth and productivity. Paired stomatal guard cells (GCs) are the gate-way for water, CO2, and pathogen, while mesophyll cells (MCs) represent the bulk cell-type of green leaves mainly for photosynthesis. We used the two different cell types, i.e., GCs and MCs from canola (Brassic...

In the frame of the European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA), the response of an Arctic pelagic community (<3 mm) to a gradient of seawater pCO2 was investigated. For this purpose 9 large-scale in situ mesocosms were deployed in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (7856.2 N, 1153.6 E), in 2010. The present study investigates effects on the communities of particle-attached (PA; >3 μm) and free-living ...