Abstract Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the solar atmosphere are often performed under assumption that plasma is fully ionized. However, in lower a reduced temperature results only partial ionization plasma. The interaction between decoupled neutral and ionized components such partially produces ambipolar diffusion. To investigate role diffusion propagating wave characteristics photos...

The equations of magnetohydrostatic equilibria for a plasma in a gravitational field are investigated analytically. For equilibria with one ignorable spatial coordinate, these equations reduce to a single nonlinear elliptic equation for the magnetic vector potential A. This equation depends on an arbitrary function of A that must be specified. In this paper analytical nonlinear periodic solutio...

We present numerical 2D magnetostatic models for sunspot penumbrae consisting of radially aligned field-free gaps in a potential magnetic field, as proposed by Spruit and Scharmer (2006). The shape of the gaps and the field configurations around them are computed consistently from the condition of magnetostatic pressure balance between the gap and the magnetic field. The results show that field...