CD1d-restricted T cells contribute to tumor protection, but their precise roles remain unclear. Here we show that tumor cells engineered to secrete granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor induce the expansion of CD1d-restricted T cells through a mechanism that involves CD1d and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 expression by CD8 alpha-, CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs). The antitumor immun...

BACKGROUND & AIMS Crohn's disease (CD) has the highest prevalence in Ashkenazi Jewish populations. We sought to identify rare, CD-associated frameshift variants of high functional and statistical effects. METHODS We performed exome sequencing and array-based genotype analyses of 1477 Ashkenazi Jewish individuals with CD and 2614 Ashkenazi Jewish individuals without CD (controls). To validate ...

Genetically primed adult C57BL mice were deleted of exon 5 of the gene encoding the transcription factor PU.1 by IFN activation of Cre recombinase. After a 13-week delay, conditionally deleted (PU.1(-/-)) mice began dying of myeloid leukemia, and 95% of the mice surviving from early postinduction death developed transplantable myeloid leukemia whose cells were deleted of PU.1 and uniformly Gr-1...

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) has been shown to modulate the myelosuppression that commonly occurs following treatment with anticancer drugs in mice. In order to investigate the mechanism of action of this myeloprotector, murine long-term bone marrow cultures were treated with DDTC alone or were preceded by the anticancer drug cis-diammine(cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II) (CBDCA), a...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of glimepiride on the levels of biomarkers related to cardiovascular regulation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-four patients with type 2 diabetes received glimepiride for 24 weeks. Significant decreases in the levels of glyceraldehyde-derived advanced glycation end products, (glycer-AGE: t...

lnterleukin-3 (11-3) is one of the hematopoietic growth factors that regulates the growth and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells, thereby leading to the production of all the major blood cell types. The role of 11-3 in the regulation of pulmonary alveolar macrophage (PAM) production was investigated. 11-3 stimulated the proliferation and clonal growth of murine PAM with a dose-response c...

Microglia arise from CD45(+) bone marrow precursors that colonize the fetal brain and play a key role in central nervous system inflammatory conditions. We report that parenchymal microglia are uncommitted myeloid progenitors of immature dendritic cells and macrophages by several criteria, including surface expression of "empty" class II MHC protein and their cysteine protease (cathepsin) profi...

Because Corynebacterium parvum has tumor-inhibitory properties and stimulates granulocyte-macrophage production, it may have clinical value in combination with chemotherapy. The leukopoietic effect of killed suspensions of C. parvum was studied in mice using the technique of in vitro clonal culture of hematopoietic cells. After C. parvum injection, there was a prompt, sustained elevation of ser...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis modulation of macrophage cell death is a well-documented phenomenon, but its role during bacterial replication is less characterized. In this study, we investigate the impact of plasma membrane (PM) integrity on bacterial replication in different functional populations of human primary macrophages. We discovered that IFN-γ enhanced bacterial replication in macrophage ...