Vehicle exhaust emissions have posed a serious threat in recent years to the urban air quality of Beijing. It is necessary to accurately estimate the magnitude and distribution of these emissions in order to reduce the uncertainty of local scale air quality modeling assessment. This paper provides a bottom-up approach by combining vehicle emission factors and vehicle activity data from a travel...

This study presents a methodology for modeling a developing turbulent boundary layer flows over surfaces with large (macro-scale) rougness elements, with particular application to flow over bio-fouled surfaces. A sharp-interface immersed boundary method coupled with a wall model and large-eddy simulations is used to carry out accurate simulations of flow over such macro-bio-fouled surfaces. Sim...

As technology scales into the deep submicron regime, noise immunity is becoming a metric of comparable importance to area, timing, and power for the analysis and design of very large scale integrated (VLSI) systems. A metric for noise immunity is defined, and a static noise analysis methodology based on this noise-stability metric is introduced to demonstrate how noise can be analyzed systemati...

Proper selection of a simulator for VANETs is a serious task. Due consideration has to be given to the requirements for modeling the behaviour of networking protocols and mobility of vehicles. Both macro and micro aspects are important for evaluation of the traffic behaviour. Macro aspects are road conditions and infrastructure, while micro aspects constitute individual behaviour such as drivin...

This paper analyses the optimal timing and macro-economic costs of carbon emission reductions that mitigate the global average atmospheric temperature increase. We use a macro-economic model in which there are two competing energy sources, fossil-fuelled and nonfossil-fuelled. Technological change is represented endogenously through learning curves, and niche markets exist implying positive dem...

In this paper we review recent progress made to understand granular chutes flow using multi-scale modeling techniques. We introduce the discrete particle method (DPM) and explain how to construct continuum fields from discrete data in a way that is consistent with the macroscopic concept of mass and momentum conservation. We present a novel advanced contact detection method that is able of deal...

BACKGROUND As measured from videocapsule endoscopy images, the small intestinal mucosa of untreated celiac patients has significantly greater and more varied texture compared to normal patients. Three-dimensional modeling using shape-from-shading principles may further increase classification accuracy. METHODS A sequence of 200 consecutive videocapsule images acquired at a 2s(-1) frame rate a...

3 1 Computational Homogenization Approach Micro-scale Boundary Conditions 32 3 2 Micro-Macro linking Transferring Fluxes and Diffusivities 36 3 3 Micro-scale model 37 3 3 1 Description of flow in the porous matrix at micro-scale 38 3 4 Macro scale model 41 3 5 Tracking of the interface using level set method and adaptive meshing 46 3 6 Computational approach and Numerical Results 47 3 6 1 Conve...