After the explosion—in both the positive and negative meaning of the word—of macroeconomics in the 1970s, there has been enormous progress and substantial convergence. For a while—too long a while—the field looked like a battlefield. Over time however, largely because facts do not go away, a largely shared vision both of fluctuations and of methodology has emerged. Not everything is fine. Like ...

Microelements are essential for full-fledged functioning of an adult and sound growth and development of a child. Iron, iodine, folic acid, calcium etc. along with vitamins A, B1, B2, B12 and C are the most essential nutrients for our organism. Deficiency in these nutrients in a human organism is called "hidden hunger". For example, a person consumes sufficient quantities of food, but due to it...

For a long while after the explosion of macroeconomics in the 1970s, the field looked like a battlefield. Over time, however, mainly because facts do not go away, a largely shared vision both of fluctuations and of methodology has emerged. Not everything is fine. Like all revolutions, this one has come with the destruction of some knowledge, and it suffers from extremism and herding. None of th...

Cytosine methylation at CpG dinucleotides is an important control mechanism in development, differentiation, and neoplasia. Bisulfite genomic sequencing and its modifications have been developed to examine methylation at these CpG dinucleotides. To use these methods, one has to (i) manually convert the sequence to that produced by bisulfite conversion and PCR amplification, taking into account ...

In this study, we focus on processing and characterizing composite material structures made of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and reproducibly engineering macro-pores inside their structure. Highly porous bucky-papers were fabricated from pure carbon nanotubes by dispersing and stabilizing large 1 μm polystyrene beads within a carbon nanotube suspension. The polystyrene beads, homogeneously dispersed ...

Many functional programs with accumulating parameters are contained in the class of macro tree transducers. We present a program transformation technique that can be used to solve the efficiency problems due to creation and consumption of intermediate data structures in compositions of such functions, where classical deforestation techniques fail. In order to do so, given two macro tree transdu...

We present the bubble sorting algorithm using macro instructions such as the if-Macro (conditional branch macro instructions) and the TimesMacro (for-loop macro instructions) etc. The correctness proof of the program should include the proof of autonomic, halting and the correctness of the program result. In the three terms, we justify rigorously the correctness of the bubble sorting algorithm....

In 1988, Worsey and Piper constructed a trivariate macro-element based on C quadratic splines defined over a split of a tetrahedron into 24 subtetrahedra. However, this local element can only be used to construct a corresponding macro-element spline space over tetrahedral partitions that satisfy some very restrictive geometric constraints. We show that by further refining their split, it is pos...

The use of macro-actions in planning introduces a trade-off. Macro-actions can offer search guidance by suggesting sequences of actions; but can potentially make search more expensive by increasing the branching factor. In this paper we present a technique for simulating the use of macro-actions by altering the order in which actions are considered for application during enforced hill-climbing ...

Genuine differences in the treatment of identifiers in block-structured languages and those that provide qualified names for accessing components of modules or aggregate data structures invalidate some of the assumptions hygienic macro systems are based on. We will investigate how these assumptions have to be changed, and the consequences for the construction of hygienic macro expanders. Macro ...