Helicobacter pylori, which is involved in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal disease, produces CagA and VacA as major virulence factors. CagA is classified into East Asian and Western types based on the number and sequences of its Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala motifs. The vacA gene has three polymorphic regions: the signal (s), intermediate (i), and middle (m) regions. The lowest gastric cancer mortality...

We determine all tight Lagrangian surfaces in S2×S2. In particular, globally tight Lagrangian surfaces in S2 × S2 are nothing but real forms.

A class of algebras is introduced that includes the unital Banach algebras over the complex numbers. Commutator results are proved for such algebras and used to establish spectral properties of certain elements of Banach algebras. 1. Introduction. In this note, we introduce a condition on an algebra motivated by the situation in which Schur's lemma [S1] is applicable. We say that algebras satis...

We analyze the pair production of charged particles in two-dimensional Antide Sitter space (AdS2) with a constant, uniform electric field. We compute the production rate both at a semi-classical level, viewing Schwinger pair production as a tunneling event, and at the full quantum level, by extracting the imaginary part of the one-loop amplitude. In contrast to the usual Schwinger pair producti...

The starfish SALMFamide neuropeptides S1 (GFNSALMFamide) and S2 (SGPYSFNSGLTFamide) are the prototypical members of a family of neuropeptides that act as muscle relaxants in echinoderms. Comparison of the bioactivity of S1 and S2 as muscle relaxants has revealed that S2 is ten times more potent than S1. Here we investigated a structural basis for this difference in potency by comparing the bioa...