The decay of ONOOH near neutral pH has been examined as a function of isomerization to H(+) and NO3(-), and decomposition to NO2(-) and O2via O2NOO(-). We find that in phosphate buffer k(isomerization) = 1.11 ± 0.01 s(-1) and k(disproportionation) = (1.3 ± 0.1) × 10(3) M(-1) s(-1) at 25 °C and I = 0.2 M. In the presence of 0.1 M tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris), the decay proceeds more ra...

Solid (heterogeneous) catalysts (1–4) are favored in industrial processes because they eliminate the need to separate the catalyst from the products. Heterogeneous catalysts can be solid acids, bases, supported metals, mixed metal oxides, or multifunctional materials. Commercial processes based on solid acids outnumber all others, and zeolites (and closely related materials) are usually the sol...

Synthesis and X-ray diffraction structures of cis and trans isomers of ruthenium and osmium metal complexes of general formulas (nBu4N)[cis-MCl4(NO)(Hind)], where M = Ru (1) and Os (3), and (nBu4N)[trans-MCl4(NO)(Hind)], where M = Ru (2) and Os (4) and Hind = 1H-indazole are reported. Interconversion between cis and trans isomers at high temperatures (80-130 °C) has been observed and studied by...

Human exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and residential indoor and outdoor VOC levels had hitherto not been investigated in Turkey. This study details investigations of indoor, outdoor, and personal exposure to VOCs conducted simultaneously in 15 homes, 10 offices and 3 schools in Kocaeli during the summer of 2006 and the winter of 2006–2007. All VOC concentrations were collected by...

Consecutive reactions of aromatic–OH adducts with NO, NO2 and O2: benzene, toluene, mand p-xylene, hexamethylbenzene, phenol, m-cresol and aniline R. Koch, R. Knispel, M. Elend, M. Siese, and C. Zetzsch Fraunhofer-Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany Atmospheric Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, Germany Received: 26 June 2006 – Accepted: 26 J...

Three isomeric BzY-series NFAs are developed by introducing inner benzyl side chains. Among the NFA-based OSCs processed with non-chlorinated xylene solvents, PM6 : m-BzY exhibits PCE over 16% without an additive and thermal annealing process.

We synthesized terephthalic acid (TPA) from p-xylene at an initial concentration above its solubility limit in high-temperature liquid water (HTW). The nominal p-xylene loading at the reaction conditions was 0.4 mol L , which is the highest reported to date for generation of high TPA yields ([70 mol %) in HTW. The presence of two liquid phases during the reaction did not appear to accelerate th...