The incidence of work-related musculoskeletal disorder including low back pain sharply increased since 2000 in Korea. The objectives of the present study are to compare disability duration of lumbar intervertebral disc displacement among types of insurances, and to obtain its appropriate duration. The medical records of all patients whose final diagnosis in discharge summary of chart was lumber...

Besides the study on examining facet joints of lumbar spine by ultrasound in normal population, there has not been any related report about examining normal facet joints of lumbar spine by ultrasound so far. This study was aimed to explore the feasibility of ultrasound assessment of lumber spine facet joints by comparing ultrasound measure values of normal and degenerative lumber spine facet jo...

The hardwood industry in California is not well documented and often is described as fragmented. An analysis of hardwood interests in the state reveals a wide gap between hardwood consumption and the supply of native hardwood lumber. A recent survey of individuals, companies, and agencies involved in hardwood utilization provides the data for profiling the hardwood industry. A questionnaire mai...

Curve sawing is a primary log breakdown process that incorporates gang-saw technology to allow two-sided cants from logs with sweep to be cut parallel to the log surface or log axis. Since curve-sawn logs with sweep are cut along the grain, the potential for producing high quality straight-grain lumber and cants increases, and strength, stiffness, and dimensional stability are maximized. Presen...

A frequent concern among birch lumber producers and retailers in Alaska is the relatively large proportion of knots, natural discolorations, and other defects found relative to competing hardwoods. Throughout this paper, all birch species growing in Alaska, including Betula papyrifera (paper birch) and Betula kenacia (Kenai birch), will be referred to as Alaska birch. Within Alaska, birch fores...

this case is a rare aspect of inguinal hernia. the patient was admitted with a 10-day pain of right groin and a past history of an inguinal hernia which was irreducible at the time of admission. in the operating room, the hernia sac was opened which included a perforated and gangrenous appendix that is called amyand‘s hernia. the patient underwent appendectomy and herniorrhaphy at the same oper...

OBJECTIVE The use of direct lumbar interbody fusion (DLIF) has gradually increased; however, no studies have directly compared DLIF and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). We compared DLIF and TLIF on the basis of clinical and radiological outcomes. METHODS A retrospective review was performed on the medical records and radiographs of 98 and 81 patients who underwent TLIF and DLIF ...