Objective: To assess the price, availability and affordability of a sample of medicines in Vietnam. Methods: Data on the price and availability of 42 medicines were collected using the standard World Health Organization/Health Action International (WHO/HAI) methodology in five geographical areas in Vietnam. The median price of these medicines was compared with the Management Science for Health ...

Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] will increase in the future and will affect global climate and ecosystem productivity. Crop models used in past assessments of climate change effect on ecosystem productivity have not been adequately tested for the ability to simulate ecosystem responses to [CO2]. Our objective was to evaluate the ability of the default CROPGRO–Soybean model to pre...

Third year Computer Science students were studied in order to determine which knowledge, skills and strategies they used during anobject-oriented programming task. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyse their computer programs and associatedthinking processes. Successful programmers applied significantly more cognitive, metacognitive and problem-solving knowledge,...

1 Penn Centre for Brain Injury and Repair and Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA 2 Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK 3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK 4 Centre for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute on Ageing and ...

Generalizations of a collection of concepts can be computed by the least common subsumer (lcs) which is a useful inference for building knowledge bases. For general FL0-TBoxes the lcs need not exist. In this thesis, we devise a condition to check whether a concept is the lcs of two concepts w.r.t. a general FL0-TBox. We also define the characterizations for the existence of the lcs. Last, we sh...

In the area of Description Logics the least common subsumer (lcs) and the most specific concept (msc) are inferences that generalize a set of concepts or an individual, respectively, into a single concept. If computed w.r.t. a general EL-TBox neither the lcs nor the msc need to exist. So far in this setting no exact conditions for the existence of lcsor msc-concepts are known. This report provi...

We study the problem of finding relevant relationships among user defined nodes of XML documents. We define a language that determines the nodes as results of XPath expressions. The expressions are structured in a conjunctive normal form and the relationships among nodes qualifying in different conjuncts are determined as tree twigs of the searched XML documents. The query execution is supporte...