introduction after the rapid population growth in the iranian cities, these cities have experienced great changes. the physical structures of the cities are eroded and the managers have no attention to them. many immigrants entered the cities  have dwelled in the inefficient urban textures like in the marginal areas and old textures. thus, the environmental quality of place has been weak. undes...

This presentation analyses explores the interconnecting themes of knowledge, culture and change by examining the impact of the knowledge economy on the organization of welfare. It adopts as its specific focus the role of the welfare ‘expert’ in the social services. This is contextualised within the New Labour government’s social exclusion policies, the global knowledge economy and concepts of c...

In 1976, for the second fiscal year in a row, public expenditures for social welfare purposes expanded at an abnormally high rate. Even after adjusting the 16-percent increase in aggregate expenditures for price and population changes, the 8-percent real growth rate proves to be the highest since 1971. The $45 billion rise in social welfare expenditures to a total of $331 billion reflects the e...

Abstract This study reviews the direct and indirect effects of higher energy and bread prices (due to removing their subsidies and paying their equivalent in cash instead). Therefore, all consumer goods were classified into 6 groups and a linear expenditure system was estimated based on households’ budget data of 2009 and 2011 for urban and rural areas separately. The results indicate that hi...

This presentation analyses explores the interconnecting themes of knowledge, culture and change by examining the impact of the knowledge economy on the organization of welfare. It adopts as its specific focus the role of the welfare ‘expert’ in the social services. This is contextualised within the New Labour government’s social exclusion policies, the global knowledge economy and concepts of c...

President Kennedy's legislation on community mental health centres has encouraged much detailed planning for comprehensive mental health programmes throughout the United States. Urban areas have special features in this respect, due to the density of population, the reduction of family privacy, the instability of social norms, and the juxtaposition of privilege and deprivation. The problem is t...

having proper house and shelter is one of the basic human rights this because of various roles and functions of housing.housing satisfaction is a multidimensional and complex variable which includes social, economic and managerial dimensions of houseand their surrounding environment’s. for this reason, evaluation of housing, from points residentsviews is very important.satisfaction in this case...

this paper contains the main results concerning the evaluation of the consumption distribution of iran in terms of levels, shape, inequality and social welfare for the years 1989 and 1994. the results show that the shape of consumption distribution in iran is showed to the right and there is a large gap between the average level of consumption in rural and urban areas. inequality in iran is rel...