3 IMR KINKEN Research Highlights 2012 IMR KINKEN Research Highlights 2012 To reduce the fuel consumption by automobiles, medium carbon steels for forging parts, such as shafts and connecting rods, must be further strengthened. When carbide-forming elements such as Ti, Nb, and V, are alloyed with carbon steels, a fine dispersion of alloy carbides and large precipitation hardening can be achieved...

The land use of the Great Lakes region has changed significantly during historical times, and continues to change. As a preliminary step in investigating the overall effect that this might have on climate, attention is focused here on one forcing factor and one effect—land surface roughness length and lake effect precipitation, respectively—that are anticipated to be particularly sensitive piec...

This paper describes the kinematic and precipitation evolution accompanying the passage of a cold baroclinic trough over the Central Oregon Coast Range and Cascades during 4–5 December 2001 of the second Improvement of Microphysical Parameterization through Observational Verification Experiment (IMPROVE-2) field project. In contrast to previously documented IMPROVE-2 cases, the 4–5 December eve...

The online model, Weather Research and Forecasting Model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) is employed to interpret the effects of aerosol-cloud-precipitation interaction on mesoscale meteorological fields over Northeast Asia during the Megacity Air Pollution Study-Seoul (MAPS-Seoul) 2015 campaign. The MAPS-Seoul campaign is a pre-campaign of the Korea-United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign cond...

7 [1] Tropical rainforests are known to exhibit low intrasea8 sonal precipitation variability compared with oceanic areas 9 with similar mean precipitation in observations and models. 10 In the present study, the potential role of transpiration for 11 this difference in precipitation variability is investigated 12 using the National Center for Atmospheric Research 13 (NCAR) atmospheric general ...

As the successor of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission significantly improves the spatial resolution of precipitation estimates from 0.25 ̋ to 0.1 ̋. The present study analyzed the error structures of Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) monthly precipitation products over Mainland China from March 2014 to February 20...

[1] We examined the relationships between large wood (LW) export and precipitation patterns and intensity by analyzing the data on the annual volume of LW removed from 42 reservoirs and the daily precipitation at or near the reservoir sites. We also calculated the effective precipitation by considering the antecedent precipitation. Both daily and effective precipitation data were used as explan...

the weaknesses of the traditional climatic classification methods in presenting the climatic realities of caspian region and showing the new methods' merits based on multivariate statistical methods, and geographical information system in presenting the climatic regions of caspian, are among the most important ideas of conducting this study. to do so, we used the data of synoptic stations ...