We used a mathematical model with processes reflecting larval mortality resulting from feeding on cross-pollinated ears or Bt ears of corn to analyze the risk of evolution of Cry-toxin resistance in Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner). In the simulations, evolution of resistance was delayed equally well by both seed mixtures and blocks with the same proportion of refuge. Our results showed that Bt-poll...

In this paper low temperature electrical characterisation (LTEC) of submicron MOS transistors is proposed as an optional tool to investigate second-order effects. The LTEC allows to prove the link between the carrier multiplication at the source side and the series resistance effects. This link cannot be distinguished when the MOS transistor is operated at room temperature. This way one is able...

Viral resistance to direct-acting antiviral drugs may impact their effectiveness during treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Most data on HCV drug resistance concern genotypes 1 and 3. The clinical impact of resistance to HCV nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) inhibitors and a practical approach to indications and methods for resistance testing are discussed.

It has long been accepted that word-of-mouth (w-o-m) communications play a key role in new product adoption and much interest has been directed to the positive impact of interpersonal communications on new product dissemination and adoption. Limited attention, however, has been given to the adverse effect of negative w-o-m and consumers’ resistance to change, primarily since these negative forc...

background pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important agents causing nosocomial infections worldwide. multidrug resistance of isolated bacteria from nosocomial infections makes it difficult and sometimes impossible to treat. objectives the aim of the present study was to investigate the antibiotic resistance and association between blaimp and blavim genes with resistance to meropenem a...

BACKGROUND The progress of antiretroviral treatment roll-out programs in developing countries requires extensive monitoring of primary drug resistance prior to initiation of therapy. This is particularly relevant for Cameroon where a high HIV diversity has been reported. OBJECTIVES To determine HIV diversity in Yaoundé, Cameroon, in a cohort of HIV-infected subjects with advanced disease. To ...

Since the proposal of insulin resistance by Professor Reaven about 30 years ago, it has been well known that individuals with insulin resistance are at greatly increased risk of having a combination of atherosclerosis risk factors, including glucose intolerance or diabetes, dyslipidemia characterized by elevated triglyceride, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations, and hy...

Accounting for approximately 11% of all malaria cases, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is central to malaria elimination efforts. To support vector control interventions in DRC, we characterized the dynamics and impact of insecticide resistance in major malaria vectors in 2015. High Plasmodium infection rates were recorded in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus, with Plasmodium ...