Prometryne is a methylthio-s-triazine herbicide. Significant trace amounts are found in the environment, mainly in water, soil, and food plants. The aim of this study was to establish brain and blood prometryne levels after single oral dose (1 g kg-1) in adult male and female mice. Prometryne was measured using the GC/MS assay at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h after prometryne administration. Peak brain ...

Toxicity assessments on nontarget organisms have largely been addressed using short-term, single-species laboratory experiments. Although extremely helpful, these experiments inherently lack many pervasive ecological stressors found in nature. Though a substantial challenge, incorporating these ecological stressors in contaminant studies would shed light on potential synergistic effects. For th...

Improved methods of weed control are required to support expansion large-scale cowpea cultivation in mid-west Brazil. With the aim testing our hypothesis that tolerance cultivars sulfentrazone is dose- and genotype-dependent, we assessed effects increasing doses (0, 250, 500 1,000 g ha-1 sulfentrazone) on BRS Imponente, Novaera, Tumucumaque Itaim. The phytotoxic varied according dose herbicide ...

Presence of antibiotic resistance markers has always been considered as one of the main safety concerns in transgenic plants and their derived products. Elimination of antibiotic selectable markers from transgenics is a major hurdle for finding efficient and safe candidates. Herbicide tolerance genes might be attractive alternatives. In this study, a variant form of the 5-enoylpyruvyl shikimate...

During 1986 soil contaminated with high concentrations of herbicides from drainage of wastewater was excavated and applied to an adjacent field in an effort to stimulate degradation of the pesticides. The field was divided into two plots that were planted with com or soybeans. As a continuation of this earlier study, part of the current project focused on monitoring herbicide residues in the la...

The induction of bovine chromosome 1 aberrations was investigated in cultivated peripheral lymphocytes of cattle after an application of a glyphosate-based herbicide formulation. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with bovine chromosome 1-specific painting probe was used for metaphase cell examination. The cultures were exposed to herbicide at concentration levels, ranging from 28 to 1 120 μmol...

Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world for several reasons, including: 1) high level of effectiveness, 2) flexibility in application, 3) large margin of crop safety in glyphosate resistant crops, and 4) safety to applicators and the environment. Glyphosate was used for more than 20 years before weeds developed resistance to the chemical. This relative low risk of glyphosate r...

The means by which many herbicides kill susceptible plants are presently unknown (1, 3). Although it is not essential to know the mode of action in order to develop and use a herbicide efficiently, the screening processes by which herbicides are discovered are based upon comparative biochemistry. Selective herbicides with low nmammalian toxicity (2) must take advantage of differences in metabol...

The results are presented of a series of herbicide experiments conducted on two soils in Natal; a heavy clay and a light sand respectively having high and low organic matter contents. The experiments were designed to evaluate preand post-emergent herbicide treatments on the specific weeds Panicum muximum, Cyperus rotundus, C. esculentus and annual grasses. Alachlor/2,4-D was the most successful...