background:extrauterine growth restriction remains a common and serious problem in newborns especially who are small, immature, and critically ill. very low birth weight infants (vlbw) had 97% and 40% growth failure at 36 weeks and 18-22 months post-conceptual age respectively. the postnatal development of premature infants is critically dependent on an adequate nutritional intake that mimics a...

Although calorie restriction and alternate-day fasting have potential for slowing the aging process while decreasing risk for vascular disease, diabetes, cancer and dementia, a “carbohydrate-concentrated” diet strategy, entailing long daily periods of carbohydrate abstinence, may prove to be a much more practical strategy for achieving these aims. The life extension and healthy aging benefits o...

Alarcon et al. (1) recently demonstrated that b-cell insulin secretory dysfunction is rapidly restored by exposure of islets to low-normal glucose ex vivo in db/db mice. The authors allude to the potential clinical relevance for “transient b-cell rest” in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Could transient b-cell rest be accomplished by manipulating diet? Lim et al. (2) have shown that a very low-calorie di...

BACKGROUND There have been few long-term follow-up studies of older adults who follow different dietary patterns. METHODS We cluster-analyzed data on dietary fat, fiber, protein, carbohydrate, and calorie consumption from the U.S. Cardiovascular Health Study (mean age=73), and examined the relationship of the dietary clusters to outcomes 10 years later. RESULTS The five clusters were named ...

OBJECTIVE The difficulty for chronic dieters (i.e. restrained eaters) in regulating their food intake is a conflict between two apparently incompatible goals: eating enjoyment and weight control. The latter goal consistently relies on the deployment of cognitive resources, and very often on a significant amount of self-control. This study investigated whether self-affirmation might counteract t...

Low calorie diets are always difficult for obese subjects to follow and lead to metabolic and behavioral adaptation. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of caffeine treatment with calorie shifting diet (CSD) on weight loss. Female subjects (n=98; BMI≥25) completed 4-weeks control diet, 6-weeks CSD (3 repeated phases; each 2-weeks) and 4-weeks follow-up diet, with or without caffeine treatment (5...

Cryptococcus neoformans successfully replicates in low glucose in infected patients. In the serotype A strain, H99, growth in this condition prolongs lifespan regulated by SIR2, and can be modulated with SIR2-specific drugs. Previous studies show that lifespan modulation of a cryptococcal population affects its sensitivity to antifungals, and survival in an infection model. Sirtuins and their r...

Neuroimaging studies in anorexia nervosa (AN) suggest that altered food reward processing may result from dysfunction in both limbic reward and cortical control centers of the brain. This fMRI study aimed to index the neural correlates of food reward in a subsample of individuals with restrictive AN: twelve currently ill, fourteen recovered individuals and sixteen healthy controls. Participants...