Barltrop, D., and Oppe, T. E. (1973). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 48, 580. Calcium and fat absorption by low birthweight infants from a calciumsupplemented milk formula. The retention of calcium and fat by low birthweight infants from two milks differing only in their calcium content has been determined. Calcium supplementation of the milk formula resulted in enhanced retentions of calciu...

OBJECTIVES To differentiate between forms of intimate partner violence (IPV) (victim only, perpetrator only, or participating in reciprocal violence) and examine risk profiles and pregnancy outcomes. DESIGN Prospective. SETTING Washington, DC, July 2001 to October 2003. SAMPLE A total of 1044 high-risk African-American pregnant women who participated in a randomised controlled trial to ad...

Developmental programming of non-communicable diseases is now an established paradigm. With respect to hypertension and chronic kidney disease, adverse events experienced in utero can affect development of the fetal kidney and reduce final nephron number. Low birthweight and prematurity are the most consistent clinical surrogates for a low nephron number and are associated with increased risk o...

Placental malaria is caused by Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes that bind to placental tissue. Binding is mediated by VAR2CSA, a parasite antigen coded by the var gene, which interacts with chondroitin sulfate A (CSA). Consequences include maternal anemia and fetal growth retardation. Antibody-mediated immunity to placental malaria is acquired during successive pregnancies, but the t...

Aim: To determine the visual functions, at age 10–12 years, of a geographically based cohort of children of birth weight less than 1701 g. The results were compared to a group of children born at full term. Methods: 572 low birthweight (LBW) ‘‘low birthweight cohort’’ children who had been examined in the neonatal period were invited for review at 10–12 years of age. 169 11 year old schoolchild...

This study aimed to determine the cause(s) of the increased incidence of low birthweight birth in Aboriginal pregnancies. The study prospectively examined a cohort of Aboriginal women presenting for antenatal care before 20 weeks gestation (ultrasound proven) and a reference cohort of Caucasian women in four remote North Queensland communities served by the Far North Regional Obstetric and Gyna...

A study was conducted to see if the discharge weight of preterm infants born at less than or equal to 2000 g could safely be reduced. A study group (21 infants) was discharged 'early' at a mean weight of 2010 g (1890-2190) provided there were no medical problems, weight gain was adequate, temperature control in room air was stable, all feedings were by breast, and the mother was ready to have t...

Three hundred depressed pregnant women were recruited at approximately 20 weeks gestation. They were then divided by a median split into high and low urinary cortisol level groups. The high cortisol group had higher CES-D depression scores and higher inhibition (BIS) scores prenatally. Their fetuses had smaller head circumference, abdominal circumference, biparietal diameter and fetal weight. T...

Kendall, A. C., Jones, E. E., Wilson, C. I. D., Shinton, N. K., and Elwood, P. C. (1974). Archives of Disease in Childhood, 49, 736. Folic acid in low birthweight infants. A double-blind randomized trial of 50 ,ug folic acid or placebo given from 2 weeks to 6 months to 130 infants of birthweight less than 2 5 kg has been conducted. While only 62 of the babies completed the 6-month follow-up, no...

AIM To serially characterise aerobic and anaerobic stool microflora in extremely low birthweight infants and to correlate colonisation patterns with clinical risk factors. METHODS Stool specimens from 29 infants of birthweight <1000 g were collected on days 10, 20, and 30 after birth. Quantitative aerobic and anaerobic cultures were performed. RESULTS By day 30, predominant species were Ent...