The Lunar Laser Ranging experiment has been active since 1969 when Apollo astronauts placed the first retroreflector on the Moon. The data accuracy of a few centimeters over recent decades, joined to a new numerically integrated ephemeris, DE421, encourages a new analysis of the lunar physical librations of that ephemeris, and especially the detection of three modes of free physical librations ...

The main text introduces the model framework for ICE age Chemistry And Proxies (ICECAP), a project focused on paleo-chemistry at and since the Last Glacial Maximum. The framework includes the GEOS-Chem 3-D global chemical transport model (CTM; http://www.geos-chem.org), driven by archived meteorology from the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Sciences (GISS) ModelE general circulation model (GCM...

The teleconnection between the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) and boreal winter polar vortex, Holton–Tan effect, is analyzed in Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) with a focus on how stationary wave propagation varies by QBO phase. These signals are difficult to isolate reanalyses because of large internal variability short observational records, especially when decomposing data...

This article examines the sensitivity of the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Model with Zoom Capability (LMDZ), a gridpoint atmospheric GCM, to changes in the resolution in latitude and longitude, focusing on the midlatitudes. In a series of dynamical core experiments, increasing the resolution in latitude leads to a poleward shift of the jet, which also becomes less baroclinic, while the...

The main text introduces the model framework for ICE age Chemistry And Proxies (ICECAP), a project focused on paleo-chemistry at and since the Last Glacial Maximum. The framework includes the GEOS-Chem 3-D global chemical transport model (CTM; http://www.geos-chem.org), driven by archived meteorology from the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Sciences (GISS) ModelE general circulation model (GCM...

Shortly after The Royal Society’s founding in 1660, Christiaan Huygens, in partnership with the Society, set out to solve the outstanding technological challenge of the day: the longitude problem, i.e. ­ nding a robust, accurate method of determining longitude for maritime navigation (Yoder 1990). Huygens had invented the pendulum clock in 1657 (Burke 1978) and, subsequently, had demonstrated m...