The goals of transmission pricing are brieey reviewed and discussed. We focus on the goals of short-term operational ee-ciency and of long-term incentives for investment in transmission capital equipment, and on the potential connict between these goals. We ignore the issues of allocation of xed costs and stranded investment. Some of the counter-intuitive aspects of optimal short-term pricing (...

We examine the level of share dealing activity of UK long-term institutional funds and, for UK pension funds, assess the impact of this dealing activity on investment performance. The analysis is carried out using annual returns and activity from the WM Universe of UK funds. Previous published research has concentrated mainly on US mutual funds and has generally reported no relationship between...

T his study examines the relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and employment in the Indonesia construction service sector. The method used in this study is Panel VECM Granger. The data used are the data of FDI inflow and employment in the construction sector in some provinces, namely North Sumatra, Riau, Jakarta, West Java, East Java, and...

Abstract—Strategic investment decisions are characterized by high innovation potential and long-term effects on the competitiveness of enterprises. Due to the uncertainty and risks involved in this complex decision making process, the need arises for well-structured support activities. A method that considers cost and the long-term added value is the cost-benefit effectiveness estimation. One o...

This paper assesses the limitations of monetary and fiscal policies for establishing long-term growth trajectories and instead proposes a technology-based economic strategy targeted at long-term growth in productivity. The model expands the original Schumpeterian concept of technology as the long-term driver of economic growth where technology is characterized as a homogeneous entity developed ...

Reinforcement learning (RL) [1] differs from traditional supervised machine learning in the sense that it not only considers short-term consequences of actions/decisions, but also long-term outcomes. Because of recent advances in deep learning, model-free deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has proven successful in various applications, as with the success of a deep Q-network (DQN) in the Atari g...

In this paper we view the problem of adequate electricity supply and demand as a dynamic process affected by several fundamental factors. By incorporating the effect of the available price signals on investment decisions we model the investment dynamics for (i) a system comprising both spot and futures (forward) markets, and for (ii) a system comprising a spot and an installed capacity (ICAP) m...

The role of banking and finance in the Golden Age of European growth (1950-1973) is very little known and widely underestimated. This paper studies the French system of economic planning and investment-based strategy that enhanced medium and long-term financing (called “investment credit” at that time). First, I describe the new institutions that were built after WWII to organize credit allocat...